切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 175 -181. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2026.03.006

论著

抗结核药物性肝损伤患者临床特征及未愈结局影响因素
李雅婧, 严兆兰, 邓金花, 辛晓恩, 杨帆, 祖红梅()   
  1. 810000 西宁市,青海省第四人民医院消化内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2026-06-15
  • 通信作者: 祖红梅
  • 基金资助:
    北京肝胆相照公益基金会人工肝专项基金(iGandanF-1082022-RGG017)

Clinical characteristics of patients with drug-induced liver injury from anti-tuberculosis drugs and factors influencing prognosis outcomes

Yajing Li, Zhaolan Yan, Jinhua Deng, Xiaoen Xin, Fan Yang, Hongmei Zu()   

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
  • Received:2025-06-27 Published:2026-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Hongmei Zu
引用本文:

李雅婧, 严兆兰, 邓金花, 辛晓恩, 杨帆, 祖红梅. 抗结核药物性肝损伤患者临床特征及未愈结局影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 175-181.

Yajing Li, Zhaolan Yan, Jinhua Deng, Xiaoen Xin, Fan Yang, Hongmei Zu. Clinical characteristics of patients with drug-induced liver injury from anti-tuberculosis drugs and factors influencing prognosis outcomes[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 175-181.

目的

探讨抗结核药物性肝损伤(AT-DILI)患者的临床特征及未愈结局相关影响因素,为抗结核治疗期间肝损伤的风险识别和随访管理提供依据。

方法

回顾性收集2020年1月至2024年5月青海省第四人民医院收治的136例AT-DILI患者的一般资料、基础肝病、肝损伤发生时间、临床分型、严重程度、实验室指标及转归。根据患者临床转归分为好转组(112例)和未愈组(24例),比较两组患者的临床特征。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AT-DILI患者未愈结局的影响因素,并根据最终纳入合并乙型肝炎和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平的Logistic回归模型预测概率绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,探索该模型对AT-DILI患者未愈结局的判别效能。

结果

入组136例AT-DILI患者中男性86例(63.2%),女性50例(36.8%);合并乙型肝炎者69例(50.7%),接受人工肝支持治疗者18例(13.2%)。AT-DILI多发生于抗结核药物治疗后60 d内(118例、86.8%),以胆汁淤积型最为常见(96例、70.6%),肝损伤严重程度以4级最多(49例、36.0%)。好转组和未愈组AT-DILI患者年龄分布、是否合并乙型肝炎、肝损伤严重程度、耐药情况、GGT、血钠(Na)、降钙素原(PCT)及血红蛋白(Hb)水平差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并乙型肝炎(OR=7.838、95%CI:2.039~30.130、P=0.003)和GGT水平(OR=1.012、95%CI:1.001~1.024、P=0.046)均为AT-DILI患者未愈结局的影响因素。基于合并乙型肝炎和GGT构建的联合模型对AT-DILI患者未愈结局具有一定判别效能[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.886、95%CI:0.819~0.953、P<0.001]。

结论

AT-DILI多发生于抗结核治疗早期,应重视用药后前2个月的肝功能监测。合并乙型肝炎和GGT水平升高为AT-DILI患者未愈结局的危险因素,可作为早期识别高危患者和加强随访管理的参考指标。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) and identify the influencing factors of nonrecovery outcomes, so as to provide evidence for risk identification and follow-up the management during anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Methods

Clinical data of 136 patients with AT-DILI admitted to the Fourth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province from January 2020 to May 2024 were collected, retrospectively, including demographic characteristics, underlying liver disease, time to liver injury onset, clinical pattern of AT-DILI, severity grade, laboratory indicators, treatment and outcomes. Patients were divided into improved group (112 cases) and unresolved group (24 cases) according to the clinical outcomes, and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups by a unified set of variables. The influencing factors for unrecovery outcomes in patients with AT-DILI were analyzed by Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established based on the predicted probabilities from the final Logistic regression model, which contained hepatitis B and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level, and to evaluate the discriminative performance of this model for nonrecovery outcomes in patients with AT-DILI.

Results

Among the 136 patients, 86 (63.2%) were male and 50 (36.8%) were female; 69 (50.7%) patients were complicated with hepatitis B, and 18 (13.2%) patients received artificial liver support therapy. Overall, 112 patients (82.4%) recovered or improved, whereas 24 (17.6%) patients had nonrecovery outcomes. AT-DILI mainly occurred during 60 days after initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy (118 cases, 86.8%). Cholestatic pattern was the most common (96 cases, 70.6%), and grade 4 liver injury was the most common severity grade (49 cases, 36.0%). Age distribution, whether complicated with hepatitis B, severity of liver injury, drug resistance status, GGT, serum sodium (Na), procalcitonin (PCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) between the improved group and unresolved group of patients with AT-DILI were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hepatitis B (OR=7.838, 95%CI: 2.039-30.130, P=0.003) and GGT level (OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.001-1.024, P=0.046) were both influencing factors of unresolved outcomes for patients with AT-DILI. The combined model based on hepatitis B and GGT level showed certain discriminative performance for nonrecovery (AUC=0.886, 95%CI: 0.819-0.953, P<0.001).

Conclusions

AT-DILI often occurs in early stage of anti-tuberculosis treatment, so liver function monitoring within the first two months after medication administration should be emphasized. Concomitant hepatitis B and elevated GGT level are risk factors for unresolved outcomes in patients with AT-DILI, which can serve as reference indicators for early identification of high-risk patients and the follow-up management.

表1 136例AT-DILI患者一般资料
表2 好转组和未愈组AT-DILI患者临床特征
临床特征 好转组(112例) 未愈组(24例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)]
71(63.4) 15(62.5) χ2=0.007 0.934a
41(36.6) 9(37.5)
年龄 [例(%)]
<20岁 4(3.6) 5(20.8) 0.012b
20~≤39岁 20(17.9) 3(12.5)
40~≤59岁 53(47.3) 7(29.2)
≥60岁 35(31.2) 9(37.5)
营养不良 [例(%)] 16(14.3) 5(20.8) 0.532b
合并乙型肝炎 [例(%)] 51(45.5) 18(75.0) χ2=6.865 0.009
合并糖尿病 [例(%)] 8(7.1) 1(4.2) 1.000b
肝损伤出现时间[例(%)]
<7 d 6(5.4) 3(12.5) 0.560b
7~≤30 d 81(72.3) 17(70.8)
31~≤60 d 9(8.0) 2(8.3)
>60 d 16(14.3) 2(8.3)
AT-DILI临床分型 [例(%)]
肝细胞型 22(19.6) 3(12.5) 0.710b
胆汁淤积型 78(69.6) 18(75.0)
混合型 12(10.7) 3(12.5)
肝损伤严重程度 [例(%)]
1级 28(25.0) 6(25.0) <0.001b
2级 27(24.1) 3(12.5)
3级 13(11.6) 2(8.3)
4级 44(39.3) 5(20.8)
5级 0(0.0) 8(33.3)
治疗类型 [例(%)]
初治 99(88.4) 21(87.5) 1.000b
复治 13(11.6) 3(12.5)
耐药[例(%)] 0(0.0) 2(8.3) 0.030b
人工肝支持治疗[例(%)] 13(11.6) 5(20.8) 0.315b
ALT [MP25P75),U/L] 81.5(29.0,572.0) 112.0(19.75,323.5) Z=0.557 0.578
GGT [MP25P75),U/L] 46.5(23.5,102.7) 74.0(41.2,133.5) Z=2.135 0.033
Na [MP25P75),mmol/L] 136.4(133.4,139.2) 134.3(130.0,136.6) Z=2.226 0.026
PCT [MP25P75),ng/ml] 0.38(0.1,1.8) 1.37(0.3,3.4) Z=2.273 0.023
Hb(
±s,g/L)
133.1±29.9 111.9±36.1 t=3.043 0.003
表3 AT-DILI患者未愈结局影响因素的单因素Logistic回归分析
表4 AT-DILI患者未愈结局影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 合并乙型肝炎与GGT联合预测AT-DILI患者未愈结局的ROC曲线
[1]
中华医学会结核病学分会. 抗结核药物性肝损伤诊治指南(2019年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2019,42(5):343-356.
[2]
中国医药生物技术协会药物性肝损伤防治技术专业委员会, 中华医学会肝病学分会药物性肝病学组. 中国药物性肝损伤诊治指南(2023年版)[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志,2023,31(4):355-384.
[3]
金小琳, 杨智彬, 詹淑华, 等. 1 501例初治住院结核病患者肝功能异常的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2020,14(5):394-400.
[4]
Zhang S, Dong N, Wang L, et al. Clinical features of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and risk factors for severe cases: A retrospective study in China[J]. Infect Drug Resist,2025,18:2065-2078.
[5]
Lewis JH, Korkmaz SY, Rizk CA, et al. Diagnosis, prevention and risk-management of drug-induced liver injury due to medications used to treat mycobacterium tuberculosis[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2024,23(9):1093-1107.
[6]
Prasad S, Narang H, Kedia S, et al. Anti-tubercular drug-induced liver injury: Current understanding and emerging directions[J]. JGH Open,2026,10(1):e70338.
[7]
王鲜茹, 胡新俊, 王雪茹, 等. 抗结核药物性肝损伤危险因素及其与SLCO1B1/ABCB1基因多态性的关联性[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志,2021,31(19):2920-2924.
[8]
陈木兴, 吴迪, 陈晓红, 等. 一线抗结核致药物性肝损伤早期预警模型建立[J]. 中国防痨杂志,2024,46(z1):21-28.
[9]
Wang N, Chen X, Hao Z, et al. Incidence and temporal trend of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Trop Med,2022,2022:8266878.
[10]
Huang D, Peng J, Lei L, et al. Time of liver function abnormal identification on prediction of the risk of anti-tuberculosis-induced liver injury[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol,2023,11(2):425-432.
[11]
Pradhan RR, Yadav AK. Incidence, clinical features, associated factors and outcomes of intensive phase antituberculosis drug induced liver injury among patients with tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study[J]. Health Sci Rep,2025,8(4):e70686.
[12]
王双双, 熊清芳, 胡一帆, 等. 药物性肝损伤的临床与病理特点分析[J]. 肝脏,2023,28(11):1280-1284.
[13]
王迎迎, 谢平. 乙型肝炎病毒感染合并肺结核患者发生肝损伤的危险因素及预测模型构建[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2023,17(4):267-273.
[14]
Moreno-Torres M, Quintás G, Castell JV. The potential role of metabolomics in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) assessment[J]. Metabolites,2022,12(6):564.
[15]
金小琳, 杨智彬, 詹淑华, 等. 1 501例初治住院结核病患者肝功能异常的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2020,14(5):394-400.
[16]
黄春洋, 陈杰, 张小丹, 等. 临床诊断的肝细胞型急性药物性肝损伤患者血清ALT/ALP比值变化特点与组织病理学特征分析[J]. 实用肝脏病杂志,2021,24(3):379-382.
[17]
Moreno-Torres M, Quintás G, Martínez-Sena T, et al. Exploring individual variability in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) responses through metabolomic analysis[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2024,25(5):3003.
[18]
Quintás G, Martínez-Sena T, Conde I, et al. Metabolomic analysis to discriminate drug-induced liver injury (DILI) phenotypes[J]. Arch Toxicol,2021,95(9):3049-3062.
[19]
徐洪海, 朱世沩, 张慧, 等. 基于生物化学异常模式的药物性肝损伤临床病理特征分析[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志,2024,40(2):172-178.
[20]
吴亚岭, 姚敏, 秦澄. 32例药物性肝损伤肝衰竭患者影响因素分析及预后评价[J]. 肝脏,2023,28(6):698-701.
[21]
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Drug-induced liver injury[J]. J Hepatol,2019,70(6):1222-1261.
[22]
Yang K, Moga T, Nallapeta NS, et al. Severe cholestatic drug-induced liver injury with cephalosporin use[J]. Cureus,2022,14(12):e32262.
[23]
Saito K, Kagawa T, Tsuji K, et al. Identification and characterization of three novel biomarkers for mixed/cholestatic drug-induced liver injury[J]. Hepatol Res,2026,56(1):111-124.
[24]
Patterson B, Abbara A, Collin S, et al. Predicting drug-induced liver injury from anti-tuberculous medications by early monitoring of liver tests[J]. J Infect,2021,82(2):240-244.
[25]
Likhitsup A, Su Z, Rule JA, et al. The DILI-inpt prognostic score to identify hospitalized idiosyncratic DILI patients at risk for adverse outcomes[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2025,19:S1542-3565(25)00942-5.
[26]
钟经婧, 刘晓清, 周宝桐. 肝病患者抗结核治疗管理的研究进展[J]. 北京医学,2024,46(2):147-152.
[27]
杨红, 谢鹏飞, 姜曼. 慢性药物性肝损伤后肝功能恢复的风险预测模型构建[J]. 肝脏,2023,28(12):1480-1483, 1526.
[28]
王璐, 吕建峰, 刘华, 等. 抗肿瘤药物致肺癌患者药物性肝损伤因素分析[J]. 中国肿瘤外科杂志,2024,16(5):499-503.
[29]
Chou C, Veracruz N, Chitnis AS, et al. Risk of drug-induced liver injury in chronic hepatitis B and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Viral Hepat,2022,29(12):1107-1114.
[30]
中华医学会结核病学分会. 抗结核药所致药物性肝损伤诊治指南(2024年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2024,47(11):1069-1090.
[31]
Ashby K, Zhuang W, González-Jimenez A, et al. Elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase at onset, and drug metabolism are associated with prolonged recovery from DILI[J]. J Hepatol,2021,75(2):333-341.
[32]
Liu Q, Huang L, Yan H, et al. Clinical risk factors for moderate and severe antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury[J]. Front Pharmacol,2024,15:1406454.
[1] 马娟, 唐仕芳, 刘慧敏, 张娅琴, 邓义娟, 汪丽, 李力. 《乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播预防临床指南(2020)》更新要点解读[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2021, 17(05): 516-526.
[2] 李旭阳, 贺梦雯, 王春艳, 郭忆凡, 李乐, 王文畅, 刘妍, 纪冬. 免疫耐受期慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗精准模型的建立[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 197-204.
[3] 吴娟丽, 张域爽, 高涵, 张毅恒, 王磊, 曲云东, 李涛. 慢性乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎肝硬化患者核苷(酸)类似物完全病毒学应答后血清乙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸检测及影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 343-349.
[4] 张雨, 杨松. 世界卫生组织《慢性乙型肝炎预防、诊断、关怀及治疗指南(2024年版)》解读[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 129-134.
[5] 陈观梅, 左璇, 廖宝林. 慢性乙型肝炎新型免疫治疗研究进展[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 7-10.
[6] 张小曼, 马筱秋, 许正锯, 张纯瑜, 何彩婷. 乙型肝炎病毒逆转录酶区耐药突变对血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原水平的影响[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 324-332.
[7] 全敏, 闫改琴, 邢卉春. 可溶性Fas水平在慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒应答不佳优化治疗中的变化[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(01): 16-23.
[8] 谢芳, 熊熙, 姚传霞, 孙浩男, 李平, 汪茂荣. 聚乙二醇化干扰素α-2b联合核苷(酸)类似物治疗低水平乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床疗效及影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(04): 247-253.
[9] 高祥, 赵成军, 胡世宏. 年龄-胆红素-国际标准化比率-肌酐评分对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝功能衰竭患者短期预后的评估价值[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(02): 108-114.
[10] 郑璇, 张宝, 李世龙, 张晓茹. 150例不同基因型慢性乙型肝炎患者逆转录聚合酶区耐药变异位点特征及耐药影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(02): 82-89.
[11] 刘敏思, 李荣, 李媚. 基于GGT与Plt比值的模型在HBV相关肝细胞癌诊断中的作用[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 831-835.
[12] 邓万玉, 陈富, 许磊波. 肝硬化与非肝硬化乙肝相关性肝癌患者术后无复发生存比较及其影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(05): 670-674.
[13] 许语阳, 吕云福, 王葆春. 乙肝后肝硬化门静脉高压症脾肿大外科治疗进展[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(04): 469-473.
[14] 李勇, 兰川, 吴斌, 张光年, 李敬东. 术前血小板-白蛋白评分对肝硬化肝癌术后预后的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(04): 412-416.
[15] 朱康, 郑潇, 张磊, 于娜. 超声造影及血清标志物检测对肝癌介入术后微血管侵犯及复发的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(05): 474-479.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?