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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 197 -204. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.04.002

论著

免疫耐受期慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗精准模型的建立
李旭阳1, 贺梦雯1, 王春艳2, 郭忆凡1, 李乐3, 王文畅4, 刘妍3, 纪冬1,2,4,()   
  1. 1100039 北京,北京大学三〇二临床医学院
    2100039 北京,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部
    3100039 北京,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心感染医学部
    4100853 北京,解放军医学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2025-08-15
  • 通信作者: 纪冬
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(No. 2023YFC2306800); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No. 82470632)

Establishment of a precise model of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B during the immune tolerance phase

Xuyang Li1, Mengwen He1, Chunyan Wang2, Yifan Guo1, Le Li3, Wenchang Wang4, Yan Liu3, Dong Ji1,2,4,()   

  1. 1Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, 100039 Beijing, China
    2Senior Department of Hepatology,
    3Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100039 Beijing, China
    4Chinese PLA Medical School, 100853 Beijing, China
  • Received:2025-05-16 Published:2025-08-15
  • Corresponding author: Dong Ji
引用本文:

李旭阳, 贺梦雯, 王春艳, 郭忆凡, 李乐, 王文畅, 刘妍, 纪冬. 免疫耐受期慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗精准模型的建立[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 197-204.

Xuyang Li, Mengwen He, Chunyan Wang, Yifan Guo, Le Li, Wenchang Wang, Yan Liu, Dong Ji. Establishment of a precise model of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B during the immune tolerance phase[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 197-204.

目的

探究免疫耐受期慢性乙型肝炎(IT-CHB)患者发生显著肝损伤(SLD)的高危因素,并建立诊断模型以辅助启动抗病毒治疗的临床决策。

方法

对2018年8月至2022年6月于解放军总医院第五医学中心住院并接受肝组织活检的IT-CHB患者的临床数据(年龄、性别、检查及检验结果等)进行回顾性分析,根据肝脏Scheuer诊断标准将其分为有SLD组[≥ G2(炎症)]或S2(纤维化)]和无SLD组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析鉴定SLD影响因素并建立诊断模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和马赛克图评估其诊断性能。

结果

共纳入478例IT-CHB患者,中位年龄为(32.9 ± 10.1)岁,男性占62.1%(297例);共有21.1%(101/478)患者表现出SLD(SLD组),377例(78.9%)患者无SLD(无SLD组)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR = 1.07、95%CI:1.04~1.11、P < 0.001)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)(OR = 1.09、95%CI:1.05~1.14、P < 0.001)、血小板(PLT)(OR = 0.99、95%CI:0.98~0.99、P < 0.001)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA(OR = 0.51、95%CI:0.29~0.91、P = 0.017)和肝脏硬度检测(LSM)(OR = 2.25、95%CI:1.81~2.78、P < 0.001)均为发生SLD的独立影响因素。基于上述因素建立诊断模型(IT-CHB-5),其受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.89,当界值为23.8时,诊断SLD的敏感度和特异度分别为77.3%和89.2%,准确率为95.4%。

结论

IT-CHB患者有相当比例出现SLD,本研究建立的无创诊断模型IT-CHB-5可为不接受肝组织活检的IT-CHB患者提供启动抗病毒治疗的客观依据。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors for significant liver damage (SLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during the immune-tolerant phase (IT-CHB) and establish a diagnostic model to guide clinical decisions on initiating antiviral therapy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data (including age, gender, examination and test results, etc.) of IT-CHB patients who were hospitalized and undergoing liver biopsy at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from August 2018 to June 2022. Patients were stratified into SLD group [≥ G2 (inflammation) or S2 (fibrosis) according to Scheuer classification] and non-SLD group. Influencing factors were identified and diagnostic models were established by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and mosaic plots.

Results

Among the 478 enrolled IT-CHB patients, the age was (32.9 ± 10.1) years old, with 62.1% males (297 cases), 21.1% cases (101/478) showed SLD (SLD group), 377 cases (78.9%) showed no SLD (non-SLD group). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.11, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.05-1.14, P < 0.001), platelet (PLT) (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.98-0.99, P < 0.001), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.29-0.91, P = 0.017) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.81-2.78, P < 0.001) were all independent influencing factors for SLD. The diagnostic model (IT-CHB-5) integrating these factors achieved an AUC of 0.89 (optimal cut-off: 23.8), with the sensitivity of 77.3%, the specificity of 89.2%, and the accuracy of 95.4% for SLD detection.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of IT-CHB patients present SLD. The non-invasive IT-CHB-5 model provides an objective tool to timely initiation of antiviral therapy for IT-CHB patients who refuse liver biopsy.

表1 SLD组与无SLD组患者的临床特征
临床资料 总计(478例) 无SLD组(377例) SLD组(101例) 统计量 P
性别[例(%)]       χ2=0.966 0.326
男性 297(62.1) 239(63.4) 58(57.4)    
女性 181(37.8) 138(36.6) 58(42.6)    
年龄(±s,岁) 32.9 ± 10.1 31.6 ± 9.5 37.7 ± 10.6 t=5.248 < 0.001
年龄> 30岁[例(%)] 270(56.5) 194(51.5) 76(75.2) χ2=17.39 < 0.001
有乙型肝炎家族史[例(%)] 279(58.4) 220(58.4) 59(58.4) χ2=0.415 > 0.999
ALT(±s,U/L) 25.5 ± 8.1 24.9 ± 8.0 27.8 ± 8.3 t=3.070 0.002
AST(±s,U/L) 25.5 ± 9.4 23.6 ± 6.8 32.4 ± 13.5 t=6.325 < 0.001
TBil(±s,μmol/L) 12.7 ± 6.2 12.5 ± 6.2 13.1 ± 6.3 t=0.85 0.393
PLT(±s,× 109/L) 204.1 ± 53.7 210.3 ± 50.8 180.7 ± 58.2 t=-4.66 < 0.001
HBV DNA(±s,log10IU/ml) 8.4 ± 0.5 8.4 ± 0.5 8.3 ± 0.6 t=-2.31 0.016
LSM [MP25P75),kPa] 7.1(3.1,9.1) 6.3(3.3,7.0) 9.9(7.3,12.4) Z=3.49 < 0.001
APRI [MP25P75)] 0.3(0.23,0.39) 0.3(0.22,0.34) 0.5(0.32,0.58) Z=6.61 < 0.001
FIB-4 [MP25P75)] 0.9(0.52,1.11) 0.7(0.49,0.95) 1.5(0.84,1.92) Z=5.96 < 0.001
炎症[例(%)]       χ2=258.1 < 0.001
0 32(6.7) 32(8.5) 0(0.0)    
1 386(80.8) 345(91.5) 41(40.5)    
2 50(10.5) 0(0.0) 50(49.5)    
3 10(2.0) 0(0.0) 10(10.0)    
纤维化[例(%)]       χ2=375.8 < 0.001
0 70(14.6) 70(18.6) 0(0.0)    
1 323(67.6) 307(81.4) 16(15.8)    
2 51(10.7) 0(0.0) 51(50.5)    
3 27(5.6) 0(0.0) 27(26.7)    
4 7(1.5) 0(0.0) 7(7.0)    
表2 IT-CHB患者发生SLD影响因素的单因素Logistic回归分析
表3 IT-CHB患者发生SLD影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 IT-CHB-5模型诊断性能的ROC分析注:A:ROC曲线;B:校准曲线;C:N次K折交叉验证
图2 IT-CHB-5模型诊断性能的混淆模型分析注:SLD:显著肝损伤
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