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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05): 298-306. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.05.006

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on maternal and infant clinical outcomes of late-pregnant women during the Omicron variant epidemic

Kaihua Dong, Yanqing Yao(), Min Miao   

  1. Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2025-07-06 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-12-24
  • Contact: Yanqing Yao

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in late-pregnancy women on maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes during the Omicron variant pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 pregnant women admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 1st, 2022 to April 30th, 2023. These patients were divided into infection group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases) based on whether they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late pregnancy period. The clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test.

Results

The Infection group had a significantly longer hospital stay than the control group [11 (10, 14) days vs. 7 (4, 10) days: Z=4.263, P<0.001]. The cesarean section rate between the Infection group and control group was without significant difference (48.57% vs. 48.57%: χ2=0.000, P=1.000). Among the indications for cesarean section, the Infection group had higher incidence of fetal distress (41.18% vs. 5.88%: χ2=4.087, P=0.043). Compared with control group, patients in Infection group had lower proportions of elevated white blood cell count (17.14% vs. 51.43%: χ2=9.130, P=0.003) and elevated neutrophil count (34.29% vs. 68.57%: χ2=8.235, P=0.004), but with higher proportions of decreased lymphocyte count (85.71% vs. 14.29%: χ2=35.714, P<0.001) and elevated fibrinogen degradation products (68.57% vs. 28.57%: χ2=11.209, P<0.001). In Infection group, women who received 3 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine had higher serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than unvaccinated women [2.66 (1.25, 8.72) S/CO vs. 0.04 (0.02, 0.11) S/CO, Z=-4.044, P<0.001]. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid of all neonates born from infected women were negative, which indicated no vertical transmission. The Infection group had a lower incidence of pathological jaundice in neonates (14.2% vs. 37.14%: χ2=4.786, P=0.029), but higher proportions of neonatal decreased lymphocyte count (72.22% vs. 37.14%: χ2=5.853, P=0.016) and elevated C-reactive protein (83.33% vs. 20.00%: χ2=19.638, P<0.001). Neonates in the Infection group had lower anti-IgG levels than those in the control group [4.32 (0.74, 16.13) S/CO vs. 62.12 (3.76, 103.21) S/CO: Z=-3.610, P<0.001]. Among the 70 enrolled women, neonates born from those with hybrid immunity (natural infection + vaccination) had higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than those born from naturally infected mothers [46.34 (6.99, 96.20) S/CO vs. 0.20 (0.05, 2.16) S/CO: Z=4.267, P<0.001].

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal distress and prolong maternal hospital stay, necessitating enhanced perinatal monitoring. Although no vertical transmission was observed, maternal inflammatory and immune status may affect neonatal inflammatory and immune parameters. Timely COVID-19 vaccination of mothers may enhance neonatal passive immunity.

Key words: Pregnant and postpartum women, Newborns, Vertical transmission, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Omicron variant strain

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