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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03): 136-145. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.03.002

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly people after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on the risk of osteoporosis

Wanxin Shi1, Zimeng Shang1, Tong Wu1, Shuai Lu2, Qian Qiu3, Yanli Xu1, Qiang Zhang1, Yuyong Jiang1, Xiuying Liu3, Xieyuan Jiang,2(), Zhiyun Yang,1()   

  1. 1Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
    3Research and Teaching Management Office, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
  • Received:2025-02-23 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-24
  • Contact: Xieyuan Jiang, Zhiyun Yang

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly individuals after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods

Total of 388 middle-aged and elderly patients aged ≥ 55 years old previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the surrounding communities of Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 1st 2019 to August 31st 2024 were selected, who were divided into 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (182 cases) and 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group (206 cases) according to 25-OH-VD sufficiency or deficiency. The general data, bone and vertebral bone structure, and SARS-CoV-2 infection related indicators of the two groups were compared, respectively. The factors affecting osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people aged 55 years old and over after SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.

Results

Gender of patients between 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml and 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group was significantly different (χ2 = 29.85, P < 0.001). Patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group had significantly lower levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil count (EO#), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), prealbumin (PAB), creatinine (CREA) and uric acid (URCA) compared with those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (all P < 0.05); but phosphate ions (PHOS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acids (TBA), parathyroid hormone (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were significantly higher than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (all P < 0.05). T values of the left hip, right hip and lumbar spine of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group were significantly lower than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant differences (Z =-4.45, P < 0.001; Z =-4.84, P < 0.001; Z =-3.03, P = 0.002). The incidence of fractures, thoracic hyperplasia, osteoporosis and FRAX@ predicted 10-year osteoporosis of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group were significantly higher than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, but the rate of thoracic degeneration was significantly lower than that of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The number of typical symptoms of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group was significantly higher than that of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant difference (χ2 = 9.89, P = 0.007). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patient gender (OR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.17-8.37, P = 0.023), number of typical symptoms of COVID-19 (4-9: OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.96, P = 0.049; ≥ 10: OR = 5.90, 95%CI: 2.98-11.69, P < 0.001), ALP (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, P < 0.001), CREA (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99,P = 0.041), CD3+ T% (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99, P = 0.044) and 25-OH-VD (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99,P = 0.048) were all independent influencing factors for osteoporosis.

Conclusions

After SARS-CoV-2 infection, middle-aged and elderly people with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly women, nutritional status, immune indicators and 25-OH-VD in the prevention and control of osteoporosis.

Key words: Osteoporosis, Vitamin D, Middle-aged and elderly people, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Corona virus disease 2019

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