To investigate the effect of comprehensive nursing care on the healing of ulcer in children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and the nursing satisfaction rates.

Total of 180 children with HFMD and oral ulcer treated in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015, were collected and divided into observation group and control group, each with 90 cases, respectively. The patients in control group received routine nursing care, while thoes in observation group received the comprehensive nursing on skin care, diet, oral mucous and other aspects based on routine nursing. Meanwhile, the treatment of children with oral ulcer and nursing satisfaction rates of the two groups were compared, respectively.

The disease duration of observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, with significant difference (t = 2.264, P = 0.002). The patients’ oral ulcer were healed after the treatment in both groups, and the durations of oral ulcer pain relief time and healing time of oral ulcer of the children in the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (χ²= 4.585, P = 0.000; χ²= 3.723, P = 0.000). The nursing satisfaction rates were 97.78% and 85.56% of families of the children in the observation group and the control group, respectively, with significant difference (χ²= 8.800, P = 0.003).

Compared with the conventional care, the comprehensive nursing intervention could shorten the durations of oral ulcer pain relief time and healing time, and shorten the disease duration time of the cases with HFMD, so as to improve the nursing satisfaction.

To investigate the clinical significance of combined detection for the levels of plasma procalciton (PCT), C-reaction protein (CRP) and counts of white blood cell (WBC) in diagnosis for respiratory tract infection.

Total of 104 patients with respiratory tract infections in our hospital from July 2013 to April 2014 were selected and divided into two groups according to with or without bacterial infection, while 40 healthy adults were selected as control group. The differences of levels of PCT, CRP and counts of WBC were compared between the two groups, respectively. The clinical efficiency of each index of combined detection for diagnosis of respiratory tract bacterial infections was calculated.

The levles of PCT, CRP and counts of WBC in patients with bacterial infection were increased significantly than patients with non-bacterial infection (t = 9.316, 8.389, 8.495; P all = 0.000). The sensitivity of combined detection was compared with PCT, CRP and WBC detection, with significantly differences (χ² = 30.687, 21.682, 22.753; P all = 0.000). Compared specificity of combined detection was compared with CRP and WBC detection, the differences were significant (χ² = 11.665, 11.665; P all = 0.000).

The combined detection of levels of PCT, CRP and counts of WBC could effectively improve the clinical diagnosis rate for respiratory tract infection, and it was conducive to the judgment of bacterial infection and could provide related evidence for clinical rational drug application.

To investigate the evaluating value of thyroid hormone, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in patients with sepsis by analyzing the state of the disease and fatality.

According to 2008 international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, patients were classified into 3 groups: sepsis group, severe sepsis group (including severe sepsis and septic shock patients) and non-systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) group (control group), all the data were analyzed, retrospectively. According to the hospital mortality, the two septic groups were divided into survival group and death group. The plasma thyroid hormone, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels were detected in 24 h after patients in admission.

In the severe sepsis group, levels of FT₃, TT₃ and TT₄ were significantly lower than those in sepsis and control groups (P all < 0.05). In the sepsis group, levels of FT₃ and TT₃ were lower than those in control group (P all < 0.05). In the sepsis and severe sepsis groups, levels of PCT and CRP were significantly higher than those in control group (P all < 0.05). In the severe sepsis group, the level of PCT was higher than those in sepsis group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the levels of CRP between the two groups. In the death group FT₃, TT₃ and PCT were significantly higher than those in survival group (P all < 0.05), but the difference of CRP had no significant difference. TSH had no significant difference in all group.

CRP is a useful parameter to differentiate SIRS from non-SIRS, which is not reliable indicator for the early diagnosis in patients with sepsis. PCT and TH are more specific indicators in early diagnosis of sepsis. TH and PCT could be used to predict the severity of sepsis. TH and PCT were significantly relevant to the prognosis of sepsis. TH combined with PCT are hopefully quick, reliable and non-invasive indicators in early evaluation of the prognosis of sepsis.

To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

The data from 3 447 cases who received ¹³C urea breath test to detect Hp and abdominal ultrasound examination from April to July 2014 in the physical examination center of the People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province were analyzed by cross-sectional analysis methods. The subjects were divided into NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group on the basis of abdominal ultrasound examination results, with 1 354 and 2 093 cases, respectively. The relationship between NAFLD prevalence rate and Hp infection status and the components of metabolic syndrome were analyzed by Unconditioned Logistic regression.

In both cases, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG) and uric acid (UA) levels were positive correlated with the prevalence rates of NAFLD. In the male subjects, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diastolic nlood pressure (DBP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were positive correlated with NAFLD. In the female subjects, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was negative correlated with NAFLD. There was no significant difference in the infection of Hp and level of total cholesterol (TC) in both gender.

There may be a connection between NAFLD prevalence rate and BMI, levels of TG, UA, LDL-C, HDL-C, FPG and DBP, but for infection rate of Hp and level of TC, there was no significant correlation.

To investigate the clinical characteristic and antibiotic treatment in 394 cases of school-agechildren with influenza-like illness (ILI) in the winter of 2014, and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Total of 394 school-agechildren with influenza-like illness who need the proof of full recovery for class in our infection clinic were analyzed using case-control study, retrospectively. All the cases were divided into two groups according to whether or not using antibiotics. The general conditions, clinical character, laboratory tests, whether or not visited hospital, the grade of hospital, treatment and prognosis were compared, respectively. Statistical analysis were taken by SPSS 13.0 software, the comparison of quantitative data was done using independent t test or rank test, and the qualitative data was compared using Chi-square test.

The gender, age, the highest body temperature, cough, sore throat, headache, catarrhal symptoms, fever time and days from onset to recovery in the 394 school-agechildren with ILI between the two groups were not significantly different. The total white blood cell and neutrophils count were significantly lower in patients with non-antibiotic treatment compared with patients with antibiotic treatment. The utilization rates of antibiotics were investigated in first-grade hospital, third-grade hospital, and non-attendance in hospital as follows: 84.2% (149/177), 69.6% (110/158) and 63.6% (35/55). The differences between first-grade hospital and third-grade hospital were significant, but third-grade hospital and non-attendance in hospital were with significant differences. Twenty-five (6.3%) cases were detected with influenza A viruses by GICA or RT-PCR, only 5 (1.3%) cases with influenza A antigen positive using the rapid detection of GICA were given oseltamivir for antiviral therapy.

The utilization rate of antibiotics was high in school-agechildren with influenza-like illness. Whether or not using antibiotics has no effect on clinical manifestation and prognoses. The work of monitoring influenza virus pathogen for the patients with ILI in the flu season should be actively carried out, so as to provide good technical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment. At the same time. The clinic should be strengthened to master the reasonable evidence for the use of antibiotics and antiviral treatment.

To investigate the value of clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the treatment of elderly patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP).

Total of 60 elderly patients with SCAP in our hospital from February 2014 to February 2016 were collected. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into survival group and death group. The difference of PCT, white blood cell (WBC), CPIS score between the two groups at the first day and 7th day after hospital admission were detected and their correlations with CPIS were analyzed.

Compared with the first day, the levels of PCT and CPIS in the survival group were not significantly decreased at the 7th day after hospital admission (P all < 0.001), but the WBC was without significant change (P > 0.05). Compared with the first day, the levels of WBC, PCT and CPIS in the death group were not significantly changed (P all > 0.05). After 7 days treatment, there were significant difference in PCT and CPIS between the two groups (P all < 0.05). WBC, PCT, and CPIS in SCAP patients had no significant correlation with prognosis on the first day (P all > 0.05). After 7 days treatment, WBC was not associated with prognosis (P > 0.05), and PCT and CPIS were significantly correlated with the prognosis of SCAP (r = 0.44, P = 0.023; r = 0.58, P = 0.017).

PCT and CPIS were associated with severity and prognosis in elderly patients with SCAP in elderly patients. It could be used as a good biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of SCAP, which could be used for further treatment.

To analyze the epidemic features and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huangshi from 2010 to 2013, and to provide scientific basis for making preventive and control measures of HFMD.

Total of 18 011 cases collected from the National Disease Surveillance Information Management Program of HFMD were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Nucleic acid of enterovirus genome of 3 089 HFMD cases were detected by real-time RT-PCR.

Among the reported cases, above 95.40% were children less than 5 years old and the majority (72.09%) of cases occurred in scattered children. There were significantly more cases of HFMD in boys compared with girls (χ² = 10.91, P < 0.01) in the 0-5 years aged group, and the male-to-female sex ratio was 2.03/1 (12 061/5 950). The incidence rate of HFMD in urban area was higher than that in rural area. HFMD occurred at the begining of March each year. The number of cases increased significantly, with the highest peak in April to June, and then declined each month. There was a slight rise, presenting another peak in November through December in 2012 and 2013. The majority of the pathogen was Coxsackievirus (CoxA16) in 2011 and Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was predominant in 2012 and 2013.

The warmer climate and favorable humidity may be main causes of HFMD spread and transmission, that HFMD epidemics may be colsely related to local temperature and humidity, and may have been shown to occur in 2-year cycles. The major pathogens causing HFMD were EV 71 and CoxA16, presenting an alternating dominant characteristics of the major pathogens.

To investigate the correlation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer.

Total of 80 patients with cervical cancer in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2014 were selected, and were divided into cervical carcinoma group and precancerous lesion group according to pathologic diagnose. Meanwhile, 40 healthy cases were selected as the control group.

The positive rates of HPV in precancerous lesion group and cancer group were 62.50% and 92.75%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group (10%) (χ² = 25.365, P < 0.001; χ²= 50.032, P < 0.001). The high risk rate of HPV in patients of control group was only 0.00%, significantly lower than those of the precancerous lesion group (53.33%) and cervical cancer group (93.33%) (χ² = 4.030, P = 0.045; χ² = 12.273, P < 0.001). The high risk rate of HPV infection in cervical cancer group was significantly higher than that of the precancerous lesions group (χ²= 114.425, P < 0.001). The analysis of correlation between HPV infection and cervical cancer showed that HPV infection (OR = 2.063, 95%CI: 2.011-2.124) and high risk of HPV infection (OR = 1.032, 95%CI: 1.005-1.114) were both positive correlated with cervical cancer, with significant differences.

The cervical HPV infection was positively correlated with cervical cancer. Effective screening approach should be applied to make cervical cancer early detected, and well prevention and control measures should be taken.

To analyze the implementation of corresponding nursing countermeasures to infection after cesarean section cesarean delivery, and to reduce the occurrence of infection, and provide the basis for clinical nursing.

A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 84 cases of cesarean section infection from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed, retrospectively.

In the 84 cases of infected patients, cesarean section indications of fetal distress (21 cases), labor abnormalities (18 cases) and head disproportion (6 cases) were the top three constituent ratio: 25.00%, 21.43%, 19.05%; cesarean incision site of infection (33 cases), reproductive system (18 cases) and urinary (14 cases) were the top three constituent ratio: 39.29%, 21.43% and 16.67%; age, body mass index (BMI), maternal factors such as whether a consolidated basis and maternal disease cesarean infection; laboratory pathogens 56 (66.67%), infection pathogens in the top three were Staphylococcus aureus (12, ≥ 21.43%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11, ≥ 19.64%), Escherichia coli (9, ≥ 16.07%). The constituent ratios of the infection cases ≥ 30 years old, BMI ≥ 25, labor course ≥ 12 h, operation duration ≥ 1 hour, intraoperativc bleeding volume ≥ 500 ml, and postoperative catheter indwelling time longer than 12 hours, which were defined as the high risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the women undergoing cesarean section (P all < 0.05).

Knowledge of maternity care before positive guidance, strictly control of surgical indications for cesarean section, remove of unimportant check operation during the maternity clinic, the rational use of antibiotics before delivery, strict aseptic sterilization management on the wards and operating rooms, targeted and effective treatments after cesarean section can effectively prevent infection after cesarean section.

To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and evaluated antibiotic combinations of patients with neurobrucellosis.

The clinical data of 10 patients with neurobrucellosis treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2008 to July 2014 were analyzed, retrospectively.

The majority of the patients with neurobrucellosis were young male. All patients had certain contact history of the source of infection of brucellosis. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis were the main clinical manifestations. Brucella blood serum agglutination test were positive in 10 cases. There were 6 patients underwent Brucella cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) agglutination test, 4 cases were positive. All cases underwent lumbar puncture. Increased CSF pressure were detected in 7 cases. Analysis of CSF revealed increased cell number (mainly for the monocyte) in 9 cases, protein increased in 9 cases and decreased glucose in 5 cases. All patients were given initial therapy and sequential therapy. The initial treatment regimen was composed of triple or quadruple drugs, based on doxycycline and rifampin, combined with one or two components of the three generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and quinolones. Sequential treatment were with long course of doxycycline and rifampin. The average duration were longer than six months.

The clinical presentation of neurobrucellsis varies greatly. The majority of the patients had favorable prognosis, while fewer patients might have sequel. The combined treatment by antibiotics of different pharmacological mechanisms with full dose and long course is effective.

To investigate the changes of liver function of woman with higher quantities of antepartum serum HBV who took telbivudine during pregnancy or not and the different withdraw times after delivery.

Total of 626 HBeAg positive pregnant patients with high viral load of HBV DNA were collected in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2013. They were divided into two groups: telbivudine treatment group (LdT group, 267 cases) and without antiviral drug group (control group, 359 cases). The levels of serum HBV DNA and the change of liver function were analyzed between women who took telbivudine during pregnancy or not and the different withdraw times after delivery.

The HBV DNA levels in LdT group significantly decreased than that of control group (t = 55.2413, P = 0.0000). The amount of pregnant women with HBV DNA < 500 copies/ml in LdT group was more than those in the control group (χ² = 49.5180, P = 0.0000). There was no significant difference between the two groups at liver function in the first 6 months after delivery (Z =-0.021, P = 0.9836). The cases with ALT > 2 × ULN of postpartum in control group were more than those in the LdT group (χ² = 9.1562, P = 0.002). The levels of ALT were higher in women who suspended telbivudine 0-29 days after delivery than those suspended telbivudine more than 30 days after delivery. The number of postpartum women with > 2 × ULN in women who suspended telbivudine 0-29 days after delivery were more than the postpartum women who suspended telbivudine for more than 30 days.

Telbivudine presents an enhanced effect of preventing mother-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection during the third pregnancy stage. With the decreasing of HBV DNA level, telbivudine would not attribute to the risk of ALT increasing, while the withdraw in the early stage might relate to higher ALT level.

To investigate the related factors of ICU catheter-related bloodstream infections and the preventive measures.

Total of 358 cases in the ICU central insert arteriovenous catheter from February 2013 to January 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively by single factor analysis, and the factors of catheter-related bloodstream infections were analyzed by Logistic multivariate analysis.

The rate of bloodstream infection of the 358 cases was 10.34%. The age (OR = 5.214, P = 0.000), the number of puncture (OR = 3.823, P = 0.000), catheterization time (OR = 2.189, P = 0.002), indwelling position (OR = 2.227, P = 0.006) and diabetes (OR = 3.323, P = 0.000) were risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection, all with significant differences. Among the 37 patients with bloodstream infection, 38 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 19 strains (50%) of G^-bacteria, 15 strains (39.47%)of G⁺ bacteria, 4 strains (10.53%) of fungi.

Age, number of puncture, catheter indwelling time, location and diabetes were the risk factors for triggering ICU catheter inertia bloodstream infection, in order to reduce the incidence of catheter related bloodstream infection, and hospital should strengthen the prevention of the risk factors.

To explore the main kinds of liver diseases which threat human health in recent years and also discuss clinical epidemiology and features of HBV associated with primary carcinoma of the liver, conducted to find reliable evidence-based medicine values.

The demographic characteristics and clinical features of hospitalized patients with liver disease from January 2005 to December 2013 in our hospital were collected, whose first diagnosis were hepatopathy with complete demographic and clinical data. The spectrum changes of liver diseases, the clinical feature and anti-virus therapy for patients with HBV related primary carcinoma of the liver were analyzed prospectively by SPSS 16.0 software.

During the 9 years, patients with viral related liver diseases, especially HBV associated liver diseases occupied the majority constituent ratio in all hospitalized patients with liver diseases. The ratio of patients with HBV related primary carcinoma of the liver was on the rise. Most of them did not receive anti-viral therapy before the primary carcinoma of the liver diagnosed, or with cancer transfer to far place as the primary carcinoma of the liver was diagnosed. After antiviral treament, patients of primary carcinoma of the liver had better prognosis.

In recent years, among inpatients, the ratio of HBV associated liver diseases, especially primary carcinoma of the liver, presented an upward trend. The ones who received anti-virus treatment could get better prognosis.

To explore and establish a new integral system of diagnosis of Scrub typhus by clinical manifestation combined with laboratory detection.

Total of 16 clinical cases with scrub typhus infection were collected from January to October in 2015. The epidemiological history of outdoor life, the clinical manifestations including fever, eschar, rash, clinical manifestations of the clinical signs and symptoms and the clinical examinations including blood test, procalcitonin, hepatic function, kidney function, cardiac creatase and blood coagulation function were analyzed, respectively. The integral system including clinical manifestation and laboratory tests were established, respectively. The clinical manifestation were divided into three classes. The first class including fever and eschar, each index was two scores; the second class including rash and history of outdoor life, each index was one score; the third class including respiratory symptom such as cough, expectoration, gastrointestinal symptom such as hematochezia, abdominal distension and nausea; cardiovascular symptom such as palpitation, chest congestion; neurological syndrome such as sleepiness, delirium, each index was one half score. The lab test was divided into two classes. The total counts of white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil count and procalcitonin were defined as laboratory evidence one, each index was one score; the testing index of hepatic function, kidney function, cardiac creatase and blood coagulation function were defined as laboratory evidence two, each index was one-half score. The integral from the clinical manifestation and laboratory diagnosis was calculated and its correlation between the result from immunology test of scrub typhus and integral system was analyzed. The scrub typhus was diagnosed by integral system combined clinical manifestation with laboratory detection instead of immunology test.

The antibody positive rate of Orientia tsutsugamushi was 93.75% (15/16). The antibody positive rate of Orientia tsutsugamushi tested by nest-PCR was 100% (4/4). The patients whose scores from new integral system was ≥ 8.5 scores, while the antibody of Orientia tsutsugamushi was positive.

The scores system combined with clinical manifestation and laboratory diagnosis is established, which would help to detect scrub typhus in clinical trials without antibody of Orientia tsutsugamushi or nest-PCR method.

To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of cases with neurosyphilis.

The clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of the 46 cases with neurosyphilis in the Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2014 to August 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively.

Total of 46 cases were collected with the average age of (50.00±10.78) years old, among whom 33 cases were male and 13 cases were female. The cases were divided into four groups: asymptomatic neurosyphilis group with 8 cases (8/46, 17.4%), with normal results of cranial MRIs; interstitial neurosyphilis group with 9 cases (9/46, 19.6%), among whom 2 cases with normal results of cranial MRIs, 4 cases with acute/old infarctions, 2 cases with multiple abnormal signals in the cortex and one case with enhancement of the dura; parenchyma neurosyphilis group with 28 cases (28/46, 60.9%), among whom 9 cases with normal results of the cranial MRIs, 13 cases with cerebral atrophy, one case with hydrocephalus and 5 cases with ischemia in the lateral ventricle characteristics, the cranial and the lumbar spine MRIs of the 2 myelophthisis cases were normal; syphilitic gumma group with one case(1/46, 2.2%), the cranial MRI results showed enhancement nodule in the right frontal lobe and right cerebellar with edema around. After the antisyphilitic treatment, the MRI returned to normal.

Neurosyphilis had different performance and imaging, it was necessary to list syphilis serological examination as routine examination to reduce misdiagnosis risk.

To analyze the distribution and drug susceptibility of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital and to guide rational drug application in clinical practice.

Conventional pathogen isolation was performed for clinical specimens collected from January 2012 to December 2014, and pathogen identification was performed by VITEK-2 automatic bacterial identification system and susceptibility analyser.

Total of 7 579 pathogen isolates were obtained, including 3 223 MDR bacteria, among which extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-ECO) accounted for the greatest proportion with 40.8%, followed by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) with 19.45%. MDR bacteria were mainly identified from sputum specimens (2 056 isolates, 63.89%), followed by secretion specimens (414 isolates, 12.8%) and urine specimens (369 isolates, 11.45%). MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) was detected most frequently in sputum specimens (550 isolates, 26.7%), whereas ESBL-ECO was detected most frequently in urine, blood, secretion and pus specimens. Infections with MDR bacteria were primarily found in various types of intensive care units (ICUs) (53.94%), followed by departments of neurology (14.96%) and respiratory medicine (8.75%).

Patients with MDR bacterial infections were widely distributed throughout our hospital, particularly in various types of ICUs. Strengthening the monitoring of drug-resistant pathogens is critical for guiding the rational clinical application of antibiotics and slowing the development of multi-drug resistance in bacteria.

To analyze the hospital infection factors of pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS), in order to apply hospital infection control strategy, and to reduce the hospital infection rate PIVAS.

The situation of spot check and factors for hospital infection of PIVAS from July 2014 to September 2014 in our hospital were analyzed, retrospectively. Targeted control strategy were taken from October 2014 to December 2014, and status of hospital infectionin of before and after the implementation of control strateg were compared.

Among the 76 cases with hospital infection, dispensing with 37 (43.53%) cases with not strictly implement standardized operation, 23 (27.06%) cases were of unqualified the environment air disinfection, 10 (11.76%) cases were of unqualified liquid storage and transport, unqualified pharmacy personnel hand disinfection with 6 (7.06%) cases. After implementation of hospital infection control strategies, dispensing with not strictly implement standardized operation, unqualified of environment air disinfection, unqualified liquid storage and transport and pharmacy personnel hand disinfection unqualified were significantly lower than before implementation (0.0075% vs 0.0449%, 0.0075% vs 0.0279%, 0.0032% vs 0.0121%, 0.0011% vs 0.0073%, 0.0139% vs 0.0923%; P all < 0.05).

The main factors for hospital infection of PIVAS were not strictly carried out operation specification and air pollution, and targeted control strategy will help to reduce hospital infection.

To investigate the Guidelines of Varicella Vaccine in Beijing (Trail), to explore the feasibility of the protective effect of varicella vaccine and to provide further varicella outbreak control measures.

According the data from the Chinese centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the reported cases of varicella were studied and analyzed in Haidian Distrct of Beijing from 2010 to 2015.

Total of 13 548 cases of varicella vaccine were reported by the CDC of Haidian District in Beijing from 2010 to 2015, while the annual incidence were gradually decreasing with 90.05/100 000, 83.24/100 000, 72.00/100 000, 66.07/100 000, 53.39/100 000 and 50.72/100 000, respectively. The incidence rates of varicella in patient collected from 2010 to 2012 and from 2013 to 2015 were with significant difference (χ² = 438.312, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference for the cases aged 4-7 years old, 7-20 years old and above 20 years old between patients collected from 2010 to 2012 and from 2013 to 2015 were with the incidences of 81.19/100 000 and 56.62/100 000 (χ² = 273.823, P < 0.001), 832.38/100 000 and 365.89/100 000 (χ² = 273.823, P < 0.001), 258.30/100 000 and 195.37/100 000 (χ² = 25.000, P < 0.001), respectively. The cases aged 1-4 years old were with incidences of 284.49/100 000 and 282/27/100 000 among the patients collected from 2010-2012 and those from 2013-2015, with significant difference (χ² = 0.022, P = 0.883).

The incidence of varicella was gradually declining after the implementation of the Guidelines of Varicella Vaccine in Beijing (Trail) in 2013. The two-doses varicella vaccine could effectively protect the susceptible population.

To evaluate the efficacy of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in predicting the pathological grading and staging of liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Total of 211 patients with CHB, including 125 cases with HBeAg-positive and 86 cases with HBeAg-negative, were enrolled. The levels of serum HBsAg, HBcrAg and HBV DNA were measured by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay, chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively.

In HBeAg-positive patients, all the serum HBsAg, HBcrAg and HBV DNA were significantly negatively correlated to the pathological grading and staging of liver (P all < 0.05); in HBeAg-negative patients, both serum HBcrAg and HBV DNA were significantly positively correlated to the pathological grading and staging of liver (P all < 0.01). Bayes stepwise discriminant analyses showed that, in HBeAg-positive patients, only serum HBsAg conformed to the entry standard of independent variable of the equation (F > 3.84) discriminating different pathological grading and staging of liver, and the concordance rates of the Fisher discriminant functions to predict pathological grading G1, G3 and staging S1, S4 were 62.7%, 58.8% and 63.8%, 69.6%, respectively; in HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBV DNA and HBcrAg respectively conformed to the entry standard of independent variable of the equation (F > 3.84) discriminating different pathological grading and staging of liver, and the concordance rates of the Fisher discriminant functions to predict pathological grading G1, G3 and staging S1, S4 were 79.3%, 66.7% and 71.7%, 75.0%, respectively.

Serum HBsAg in HBeAg-positive patients was significant to predict pathological grading G1, G3 and staging S1, S4 of liver; and serum HBV DNA and HBcrAg in HBeAg-negative patients respectively was significant to predict pathological grading G1, G3 and staging S1, S4 of liver.

To investigate the application of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in infection control and management in the maternal and child health hospital.

The CQI method was introduced into the infection control and management in our hospital. The quality improvement teams were set up and the related standard solutions were completed and applied throughout the medical treatment strictly. The infection control and management effect before and after CQI implementation were compared, respectively.

After the implementation of CQI, the qualified rate of nurse hand hygiene increased from 84.0% to 91.7%, qualified rate of medical supplies disinfection increased from 80.4% to 97.9%, and medical garbage disposal qualification rate increased from 82.3% to 99.4%. The awareness rate of nosocomial infection and satisfaction in the patients were improved significantly, from 69.5% to 90.8% and from 71.5% to 98.8%, respectively. The hospital infection rate of the patients was reduced from 5.5% to 2.0%. Compared with the indexes before the implementation of CQI, all the differences were significant (P all < 0.05).

The introduction of CQI method can effectively improve the standard of infection control in hospital operations and the quality of hospital infection management, which was approved by the leaders, medical staff and patients.