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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03): 182-188. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2021.03.007

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Features of lymphocytes subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 during early phase

Baolin Liao1, Haiyan Shi1, Yanxia Liu1, Han Zhao1, Qian Jiao1, Liya Li1, Xin Wang1, Yi Cao1, Haolan He1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
  • Received:2020-07-09 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-07-30
  • Contact: Haolan He

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the immunological features from peripheral blood of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early phase (within 14 days after symptom onset), and its association with the severity of disease.

Methods

Total of 98 patients with COVID-19 in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University from January to March 2020 were included. The features of patients of lymphocytes [CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, natural killer (NK), NKT and Treg cells] and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ] were analyzed in early phase, and also their associations with the severity of disease were evaluated. The nonparametric data such as age, days after symptom onset, levels of white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocytes, lymphocytes subsets and cytokines were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The categorical variables such as sex, complications, smoke, exposure to Wuhan, family members infected, symptoms, abnormal frequency of laboratory test were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. The independent risk factors associated with the severity of disease were analyzed by Logistical regression analysis.

Results

Patients were divided into three groups according to the relevant diagnostic criteria: the mild group (17 cases), the normal group (73 cases) and the severe group (8 cases). Decreased CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells were found in 55.1% (54/98), 40.8% (40/98) and 11.8% (10/85) patients, respectively. The levels of CD4+ T cells (P = 0.010), CD8+ T cells (P = 0.003) and B cells (P = 0.022) were significantly different among the three groups, with the lowest levels in the severe group. The levels of IL-6 (P = 0.001) were different among three groups, with the highest levels in the severe group. Levels of other lymphocytes and cytokines were similar, without significant differences (all P > 0.05). Increased level of IL-6 (OR = 12.277, P = 0.024) was independently associated with pneumonia, and age over 50 years old (OR = 21.823, P = 0.030) was independently associated with the severe case by Logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

The cellular and humoral immune response was significantly destroyed of patients with COVID-19 in early phase, which was significantly associated with the progression of disease.

Key words: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Acute phase, Immunology, Interleukin-6

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