To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance in bloodstream infections of patients with acute leukemia.

Total of 100 patients with acute leukemia from our hospital were collected from January 2013 to December 2015, and the positive results of blood culture were analyzed. And the bacterial species and their drug susceptibility were analyzed.

Among the 100 strains of pathogenic bacteria, there were 2 strains (2%) of fungus, 35 strains of Gram-positive (G⁺) bacteria (35%) and 63 strains of Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria (63%). Among the 35 strains of G⁺ bacteria, the main bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 30%. Among 63 strains of G^- bacteria, the main bacteria was Enterobacteriaceae, accounting for 53%. Among Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 36.7% (11/30). Among Enterobacteriaceae, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) accounted for 17.31% (9/52). There were 92 strains of ntibiotic resistant bacteria which resisted to two or more kinds of antibiotic, accounting for 92%. The rate of G^- bacteria resisted to ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, compound sulfamethoxazole and aztreonam were relatively higher, while the rates of G⁺ bacteria resisted to penicillin, clindamycin, azithromycin and erythromycin were relatively higher.

The species of pathogenic bacteria were various and their rates of resistance were higher. For treating G^-bacterial infection, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam could be clinical choices. For the treatment of G⁺ bacterial infection, levofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin could be taken.