To investigate the structure and resistance changes of pathogens isolated from the department of infectious diseases of a tertiary hospital in central China in the past 10 years, and to provide a basis for clinical anti-infection treatment.

The identification of pathogenic bacteria isolated from various specimens of patients in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to December 2022, as well as the results of pathogen susceptibility test from 2017 to 2022 were collected. The number and composition ratio of pathogenic bacteria, as well as the pathogen resistance percentage were statistically analyzed.

Total of 3 164 pathogenic strains were isolated from various specimens sent by the Department of Infectious Diseases. In the past ten years, the number of isolated pathogenic bacteria has increased year by year in this department. The isolated pathogenic bacteria were mainly Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 34.21%-57.59%, while Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 25.76%-47.85%. However, the proportion of fungi (3.76%-38.07%) showed a significant increase in recent years. Among Gram-negative bacteria, the top two detected bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (358 strains, 25.6%) and Escherichia coli (346 strains, 24.7%). Among Gram-positive bacteria, the top two bacteria detected were Enterococcus faecium (215 strains, 21.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (162 strains, 16.1%). The drug sensitivity results showed that carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli has been increasing in 2020 and 2021. The resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was from 18.8% to 30.6%. Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited multiple drug resistance, with a high resistance rate to carbapenem antibiotics, reaching over 90%. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem is over 40%. Gram-positive cocci have not been seen to be resistant to vancomycin, linezolid or teicoplanin.

The number of isolated pathogenic microorganisms sent by the department of infectious diseases of the hospital has increased year by year, while the number of isolated fungi has increased significantly. The phenomenon that multi-drug resistance in the isolated pathogenic bacteria was obvious, and the overall trend was on the rise. It is suggested that the severity of patients admitted in the department of infectious diseases of this hospital has increased in recent years, with serious infections and an increasing proportion of drug-resistant bacterial infections.