To discuss the method of misdiagnosis prevention of lung fluke disease (LFD) with the main manifestation of hydropneumothorax.

A case of LFD with chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough for 4 months and with edema, palpitation for 1 month, complicated with hydropneumothorax as its main clinical manifestation was reported.

LFD was easily misdiagnosed because of lacking of specific symptoms or radiologic findings. A paitent with LFD had been misdiagnosed for 4 months with the main manifestation of hydropneumothorax.

It was important to detect the changes of eosinophil (EOS) and percentage EOS (PEOS), intradermal test of pagumogunimus (IDTP) may be very helpful for confirming infections and monitoring the results of individual chemotherapy. If LFD is suspected doctors should take the initiative to ask patients about their medical history, dig out epidemiological history, and carry out physical examination if necessary. Scientific analysis of EOS and detailed inquiry into personal history, timely skin test of paragonimiasis antigen (IDTP) were the keys to LFD early detection and diagnosis.