探讨新建综合民营医院医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性情况，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供客观依据。

对2008年1月1日～2011年12月30日河南宏力医院院内感染病原菌的构成、分布和耐药性进行χ²检验，并与2010年中国CHINET细菌耐药性监测及国内新建三级甲等综合医院的医院感染情况进行比较，对特定环境下细菌耐药进行分析。

所分离的3 728株病原菌中，革兰阴性菌占79.8%，革兰阳性菌占20.2%；革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、克雷伯菌属和不动杆菌属为最常见病原菌，其中克雷伯菌属对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美罗培南高度敏感，耐药率均为0%，显著低于2010年我国CHINET细菌耐药监测结果，3种药物耐药率差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。大肠埃希菌对以上3种药物的耐药率分别为1.52%、1.2%和1.39%，均低于2010年我国CHINET监测结果，较头孢哌酮-舒巴坦的耐药率差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01），而较亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.315和0.988）。铜绿假单胞菌对以上3种药物的耐药率分别为16.96%、22.84%和29.3%，除美罗培南外均低于CHINET监测结果，头孢哌酮-舒巴坦耐药率差异无统计学意义（P = 0.536）；对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药率差异具有统计学意义（P分别< 0.01和< 0.05）。不动杆菌属对以上3种药物的耐药率分别为4.5%、47.5%和39.9%，均低于CHINET监测结果，3种药物耐药率差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。革兰阳性菌中以金黄色葡萄菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主要的感染病原菌，革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺高度敏感，耐药率均为0%，与CHINET监测结果相同，差异无统计学意义。与首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院京西院区耐药率监测相比，铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和美罗培南的耐药率分别为67.45%、36.69%和29.3%，均显著高于该院区的监测结果，差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）；大肠埃希菌耐药率相近，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。与首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院京西院区革兰阳性球菌耐药性相比，本院葡萄球菌属耐药率普遍较低，差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。

新建民营综合医院环境下医院感染菌株在构成、菌种分布及耐药性等方面，与国内新建三甲医院及相关研究结果基本一致。

To investigate the distribution and antibacterial resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens from a new private general hospital, and to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibacterial agents.

The data of pathogens formation, distribution and antibacterial resistance of a new general private hospital from January 1st 2008 to December 30th 2011, which included 3 728 strains were analyzed by χ² test, making a comparison with CHINET 2010 surveillance of bacterial resisitance in China and the new grade-three hospital.

Among all the strains, Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 79.8% and 20.2%, respectively, of which Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphyococcus were common in the Gram-negative bacteria, and Klebsiella were highly sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem and meropenem, with the resistant rate of 0%, significantly lower than those of CHINET 2010 in China, with significant differences (P all < 0.01). The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to the three drugs were 1.52%, 1.2% and 1.39%, lower than those of the CHINET results, and the resistance rates to cefoperazone-sulbactam were with significant differences (P all < 0.01), and the resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were not significantly different (P = 0.315 and 0.988). The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the above three drugs were 16.96%, 22.84% and 29.3%, while the resistance rate to cefoperazone-sulbactam was not significantly different (P = 0.536), the resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem were significantly different (P < 0.01 and < 0.05). The resistance rates of Acinetobacter to the three drugs were 4.5%, 47.5% and 39.9%, significantly lower than those of CHINET results (P all < 0.01). Gram-positive cocci to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid were highly sensitive, with the resistance rates of 0%, which was same to the CHINET results. Compared with the drug resistance rates of the West District of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, the resistance rates of Pseudomons asaeruginosa to gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem were 67.45%, 36.69% and 29.3%, which were significantly higher than those of the West District of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (P all < 0.01). The resistance rates of Escherichia coli were similar in the two hospital, with no significant differences (P > 0.05). Compared with the resistance rate of Gram-positive cocci in the West District of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, and Staphyococcus resistance rate was significantly lower (P all < 0.01).

Formation, distribution and antibacterial resistance of the new general private hospital’s nosocomial infection pathogens were consistent with the domestic related research results.