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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (04) : 229 -236. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2024.04.006

论 著

脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者间歇导尿期间尿路感染病原菌分布及影响因素
袁丹(), 钟潇, 王明松, 贾康   
  1. 610041 成都市,三六三医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02 出版日期:2024-08-08
  • 通信作者: 袁丹

Distribution and influencing factors of urinary tract infection during intermittent catheterization in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder

Dan Yuan(), Xiao Zhong, Mingsong Wang, Kang Jia   

  1. Department of Urology, 363rd Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2024-02-02 Published:2024-08-08
  • Corresponding author: Dan Yuan
引用本文:

袁丹, 钟潇, 王明松, 贾康. 脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者间歇导尿期间尿路感染病原菌分布及影响因素[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 229-236.

Dan Yuan, Xiao Zhong, Mingsong Wang, Kang Jia. Distribution and influencing factors of urinary tract infection during intermittent catheterization in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 229-236.

目的

探讨脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱(SCI-NB)患者间歇导尿(IC)期间尿路感染病原菌分布及影响因素。

方法

收集2021年5月至2023年6月三六三医院收治的76例SCI-NB患者作为研究对象。分析IC期间尿路感染情况及病原菌分布;应用Logistic回归分析法和随机森林算法分析SCI-NB患者IC期间尿路感染的影响因素,并建立SCI-NB患者IC期间的尿路感染风险评估量表。

结果

SCI-NB患者IC期间尿路感染发生率为46.05%(35/76);感染者尿标本共检出55株病原菌,分别为革兰阴性菌70.91%(39/55),革兰阳性菌21.82%(12/55)和真菌7.27%(4/55)。Logistic回归分析结合随机森林算法结果显示,年龄≥ 50岁(OR = 5.075、95%CI:5.067~5.575、P = 0.003)、间歇导尿频次≥ 3次/d(OR = 3.278、95%CI:2.915~3.306、P = 0.017)、病程≥ 6个月(OR = 7.629、95%CI:7.047~7.922、P = 0.006)、抗菌药物使用> 2种(OR = 3.529、95%CI:2.908~3.741、P =0.010)、PCT ≥ 2.07 μg/L(OR = 35.489、95%CI:35.201~36.105、P < 0.001)、CRP ≥ 14.98 mg/L(OR = 46.216、95%CI:45.458~46.340、P < 0.001)、IL-6 ≥ 12.72 ng/L(OR = 39.137、95%CI:38.865~39.671、P < 0.001)以及TNF-α ≥ 126.43 μg/L(OR = 23.356、95%CI:22.294~22.472、P <0.001)均为SCI-NB患者IC期间发生尿路感染的独立危险因素,其在风险评估量表中的分值分别为0.80、0.58、1.00、0.62、1.76、1.89、1.80和1.55分。风险评估量表的灵敏度为78.90%,特异性为71.70%,感染预测值为85.29%,未感染预测值为87.50%。

结论

SCI-NB患者IC期间尿路感染病原菌分布主要为大肠埃希菌、肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,临床上应针对引起尿路感染的相关因素,加强SCINB患者IC期间护理监管,采取相应干预措施以预防尿路感染的发生。

Objective

To investigate the distribution and influencing factors of urinary tract infection during intermittent catheterization (IC) in patients with spinal cord injury neurogenic bladder (SCI-NB).

Methods

Total of 76 patients with SCI-NB admitted to 363rd Hospital from May 2021 to June 2023 were collected. The status of urinary tract infection and the distribution of pathogens during IC were analyzed. The influencing factors of urinary tract infection during IC of patients with SCI-NB were analyzed, and a risk assessment scale for urinary tract infection during IC of patients with SCI-NB was established.

Results

The incidence of urinary tract infection during IC period of patients with SCI-NB was 46.05% (35/76). Total of 55 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in urine samples from infected patients, including 70.91%(39/55) strains of Gram negative bacteria, 21.82% (12/55) strains of Gram positive bacteria, and 7.27% (4/55)strains of fungi. Logistic regression analysis combined with random forest algorithm showed that age ≥50 years old (OR = 5.075, 95%CI: 5.067-5.575, P = 0.003), frequency of intermittent catheterization ≥ 3 times/day(OR = 3.278, 95%CI: 2.915-3.306, P = 0.017), disease course ≥ 6 months (OR = 7.629, 95%CI: 7.047-7.922,P = 0.006), antibacterial drugs used > 2 kinds (OR = 3.529, 95%CI: 2.908-3.741, P = 0.010), PCT ≥ 2.07 μg/L(OR = 35.489, 95%CI: 35.201-36.105, P < 0.001), CRP ≥ 14.98 mg/L (OR = 46.216, 95%CI: 45.458-46.340,P < 0.001), IL-6 ≥ 12.72 ng/L (OR = 39.137, 95%CI: 38.865-39.671, P < 0.001) and TNF-α ≥ 126.43 μg/L(OR = 23.356, 95%CI: 22.294-22.472, P < 0.001) were all independent risk factors of urinary tract infection during IC of patients with SCI-NB. The scores in the risk assessment scale were 0.80, 0.58, 1.00, 0.62, 1.76,1.89, 1.80 and 1.55, respectively. The sensitivity of the risk assessment scale was 78.90%, the specificity was 71.70%, the predictive value of infection was 85.29%, and the predictive value of non-infection was 87.50%.

Conclusions

The main distribution of pathogenic bacteria for urinary tract infection of patients with SCINB during IC period are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinically, the relevant factors causing urinary tract infection should be focused on, nursing supervision of patients with SCI-NB during IC period should be strengthened, and corresponding interventions were taken to prevent urinary tract infections.

表1 SCI 患者IC 期间尿路感染病原菌分布
表2 感染组和非感染组SCI-NB 患者的临床资料
指标 例数 感染组(35例)[例(%)] 未感染组(41例)[例(%)] 感染率(%) χ 2 P
性别 6.018 0.014a
44 15(42.86) 29(70.73) 34.09
32 20(57.14) 12(29.27) 62.50
年龄(岁) 9.572 0.002a
<50 27 6(17.14) 21(51.22) 23.08
≥50 49 29(82.86) 20(48.78) 60.42
BMI(kg/m2 0.497 0.481a
<24 53 23(65.71) 30(73.17) 43.40
≥24 23 12(34.29) 11(26.83) 52.17
合并高血压 4.203 0.040a
16 11(31.43) 5(12.20) 68.75
60 24(68.57) 36(87.80) 40.00
合并高血脂 0.371 0.542b
9 5(14.29) 4(9.76) 55.56
47 30(85.71) 17(41.46) 63.83
合并冠心病 0.263 0.608b
8 3(8.57) 5(12.20) 37.50
68 32(91.43) 36(87.80) 47.06
合并糖尿病 4.946 0.026b
4 4(11.43) 0(0.00) 100.00
72 31(88.57) 41(100.00) 43.06
泌尿系统疾病史 4.448 0.035a
14 10(28.57) 4(9.76) 71.43
62 25(71.43) 37(90.24) 40.32
SCI原因 1.455 0.228a
外伤性 53 22(62.86) 31(75.61) 58.49
非外伤性 23 10(28.57) 13(31.71) 56.52
SCI部位 0.570 0.903a
颈髓 32 14(40.00) 18(43.90) 43.75
胸髓 14 7(20.00) 7(17.07) 50.00
腰髓 21 9(25.71) 12(29.27) 42.86
骶骨 9 5(14.29) 4(9.76) 55.56
SCI程度 11.924 0.018b
A级 4 1(2.86) 3(7.32) 75.00
B级 14 4(11.43) 10(24.39) 57.14
C级 24 10(28.57) 14(34.15) 50.00
D级 23 12(34.29) 11(26.83) 47.83
E级 11 8(22.86) 3(7.32) 27.27
病程(月) 15.572 <0.001b
<1 25 4(11.43) 21(51.22) 16.00
1~6 32 17(48.57) 15(36.59) 53.13
>6 19 14(40.00) 5(12.20) 73.68
间歇导尿方式 1.170 1.170 0.279a
无菌 22 8(22.86) 14(34.15) 38.10
清洁 54 27(77.14) 27(65.85) 50.94
间歇导尿频次 5.932 0.015b
≤3次/d 5 4(11.43) 1(2.44) 20.00
>3次/d 43 27(77.14) 16(39.02) 37.21
系统性膀胱训练 5.384 0.020a
37 12(34.29) 25(60.98) 32.43
39 23(65.71) 16(39.02) 58.97
抗菌药物使用种数 6.858 0.009a
≤2 34 10(28.57) 24(58.54) 29.41
>2 42 25(71.43) 17(41.46) 59.52
表3 感染组和未感染组SCI-NB 患者的血常规和炎症因子指标 [M(P25,P75)]
图1 影响尿路感染的变量重要性排序 注:CRP:C-反应蛋白、IL-6:白细胞介素-6、PCT:降钙素原、TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α、SCI:脊髓损伤
图2 不同变量数目的袋外数据错误率
表4 自变量和因变量赋值表
表5 SCI-NB 患者尿路感染危险因素的多因素Logistic 回归分析
图3 风险评估量表对SCI-NB患者IC期间尿路感染的预测效能的ROC曲线
表6 尿路感染风险评估量表分值
表7 尿路感染风险评估量表危险分层
表8 验证组患者的尿路感染风险评估量表分值分布
表9 验证组尿路感染风险评估量表危险分层
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