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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2019, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03): 227-233. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2019.03.010

Special Issue:

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis and management strategy of blood-derived occupational exposure in medical staff of a hospital of infectious diseases from 2007 to 2018

Haixia Zhang1,(), Zhaoxia Lin2, Zhiyun Zhang1, Ming He3, Gang Wan4   

  1. 1. Nursing Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    2. Hepatology Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    3. Infection Control Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    4. Medical Record Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2018-10-22 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-15
  • Contact: Haixia Zhang
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zhang Haixia, Email:

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the status of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff in a hospital of infectious diseases from 2007 to 2018, and to summarize the characteristics and trends of blood-derived occupational exposure of medical personnel.

Methods

According to the data of occupational exposure of medical staff in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Unversity from January 2007 to December 2018, the cohort of 399 medical staff with blood-derived occupational exposure were analyzed.

Results

The number of exposure and the rate of exposure showed a downward trend [17 (1.88%)]. The exposure sites were mainly exposed to sharp instrument injury and mucous membrane contact [288 (72.18%) and 82 (20.55%)]. The exposure site was more in the finger [305 (76.44%)]. The mucous membrane exposure was mainly in the eye [82 (20.55%)]; and the main source of exposure was hepatitis B virus (HBV) [203 (50.88%)]. There were significant differences in the types of exposure sources between doctors and nurses, which were exposure mode (χ2 = 26.59, P < 0.001), exposure sites (χ2 = 12.00, P = 0.002), HBV (χ2 = 17.90, P < 0.001), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (χ2 = 4.18, P = 0.041) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (χ2 = 8.31, P = 0.004). The exposure rate of sharp instrument injury in nurses was significantly higher than that of doctors [218 (79.56%) vs. 70 (56.00%) ], with significant differences (χ2 = 23.73, P < 0.001). The results of chi-square test showed that the exposure mode (χ2 = 27.88, P < 0.001), exposure site (χ2 = 0.00, P = 0.008), original HBV (χ2 = 14.84, P = 0.005), HIV (χ2 = 8.47, P = 0.076), Treponema pallidum (χ2 = 0.00, P = 0.016) and rabies virus (χ2 = 0.02, P = 0.02) were significantly different in different age groups. All the 399 exposed patients were followed up for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after exposure, and no post-exposure infection occurred.

Conclusions

With the strengthening of occupational exposure protection policy, the exposure rate shows a downward trend, but sharp instrument injury is still the main factor leading to occupational exposure of medical and nursing staff. Popularizing the use of safe needle, standardizing operation behavior, implementing standard prevention could effectively reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure, and perfect occupational exposure management could improve the success rate of occupational exposure prevention.

Key words: Medical staff, Blood-borne occupational exposure, Management strategy

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