To investigate the situation of Mycobacterium culture and drug resistance of patients with initial treatment smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Guantao County, and to provide basis for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control measures.

Patients with initial treatment smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis treated in our county were selected, the Mycobacterium from the cases were cultured, positive strains were sent to in our city and strain identification as well as drug sensitivity were analyzed, respectively.

Total of 562 cases with initial treatment smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were collected, male︰female = 2.23︰1, the average age was (41.2±3.7) years old. Bacteriologic colony: Mycobacterium tuberculosis 492 (87.54%) strains, nontuberculosis Mycobacteria 70 (12.46%) strains. There were 448 (79.72%) sensitive strains, 114 (20.28%) resistance strains and 36 (6.41%) multi-drug resistance strains. Among the patients with single resistance, most were streptomycin medicine resistance (5.34%), the second were isonicotinyl hydrazide resistance (4.63%). Among the patients with multi-drug resistance, most were isonicotinyl hydrazide and streptomycin resistance (22/562, 3.91%), the second were isonicotinyl hydrazide and rifampicin resistance (3.73%). Among the patients with multi-drug resistance, 16 (2.85%) cases with 2 medicines resistance, 17 (3.02%) cases with 3 medicines resistance, 3 (0.53%) cases with 4 medicines resistance. The resistance drug order was S > H > R > E.

Young and middle-aged male were high risk group of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control, who should be administered closely. Pulmonary Mycobacterium complex strain’s resistance wasn’t high, but there existed initial treatment smear positive patients with multi-drug resistance, so pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control measures should be improved.