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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 4 -9. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2026.01.002

综述

脂质组学在病毒性传染病研究中的应用进展
张可妍1, 白萌2, 邓慧玲3,()   
  1. 1 716000 延安市,延安大学
    2 710021 西安市,西安医学院
    3 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 出版日期:2026-02-15
  • 通信作者: 邓慧玲
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLSF01-05); 西安市科技计划项目(24YXYJ0030); 西安市儿童医院院级科研项目(2025B01)

Progress on application of lipidomics in research on viral infectious diseases

Keyan Zhang1, Meng Bai2, Huiling Deng3,()   

  1. 1 Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
    2 Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China
    3 Department of Infectious Diseases Ⅱ, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
  • Received:2025-05-29 Published:2026-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Huiling Deng
引用本文:

张可妍, 白萌, 邓慧玲. 脂质组学在病毒性传染病研究中的应用进展[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 4-9.

Keyan Zhang, Meng Bai, Huiling Deng. Progress on application of lipidomics in research on viral infectious diseases[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 4-9.

病毒性传染病种类繁多,且部分病毒具有高传播性或高变异性对全球公共卫生构成持续威胁,而脂质组学作为代谢组学的重要分支,为解析病毒-宿主相互作用机制及开发新型诊疗策略提供了独特视角。本文综述了脂质组学在流行性感冒病毒、新型冠状病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、肝炎病毒感染及其他病毒性传染病研究中的关键应用。这些病毒通过劫持宿主脂质代谢网络完成入侵、复制及免疫逃逸,而脂质代谢产物(如类花生酸、鞘脂和溶血磷脂等)的动态失衡与炎症风暴、组织损伤及疾病进展密切相关。本文重点阐述脂质代谢在抗病毒治疗中的枢纽地位,并展望其转化潜力,为病毒性传染病的防控策略提供新思路。

Viral infectious diseases are highly diverse, with some viruses exhibiting high transmissibility or high variability, posing a persistent threat to global public health. Lipidomics, a crucial branch of metabolomics, provides unique insights into virus-host interaction mechanisms and facilitates the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review systematically summarizes key applications of lipidomics in research on influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis viruses, and other viral pathogens. Studies demonstrate that these viruses exploit the host lipid metabolic network to facilitate entry, replication and immune evasion. Concurrently, dysregulation of lipid metabolites, such as eicosanoids, sphingolipids and lysophospholipids are closely associated with pathological processes including cytokine storms, tissue damage and disease progression. This review underscores the pivotal role of lipid metabolism in antiviral therapy and evaluates its translational potential, thereby offering innovative perspectives for the prevention and control of viral infectious diseases.

图1 脂质代谢在IAV感染中的作用[8] 注:FA:脂肪酸、PL:磷脂、Chol:胆固醇、GL:糖脂、NA:神经氨酸酶、HA:血凝素、M2:基质蛋白2、M1:基质蛋白1、PA-PB1:聚合酶酸性蛋白-碱性蛋白1、PB2:碱性蛋白2、NP:核蛋白、NS1:非结构蛋白1、mRNA:信使RNA、vRNP:病毒核糖核蛋白、cRNP:互补核糖核蛋白
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