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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 136 -145. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.03.002

论著

新型冠状病毒感染后中老年人维生素D缺乏对骨质疏松患病风险的影响
石宛鑫1, 商子梦1, 吴桐1, 卢帅2, 邱倩3, 徐艳利1, 张强1, 江宇泳1, 刘秀颖3, 蒋协远2,(), 杨志云1,()   
  1. 1100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中西医结合中心
    2100035 北京,首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院创伤骨科
    3100013 北京,北京市疾病预防控制中心科研教学管理办公室
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-23 出版日期:2025-06-15
  • 通信作者: 蒋协远, 杨志云
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划应急项目(No. 2024YFC3044700); 北京市中医药管理局“北京中医药新时代125工程”领军人才项目

Effect of vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly people after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on the risk of osteoporosis

Wanxin Shi1, Zimeng Shang1, Tong Wu1, Shuai Lu2, Qian Qiu3, Yanli Xu1, Qiang Zhang1, Yuyong Jiang1, Xiuying Liu3, Xieyuan Jiang,2(), Zhiyun Yang,1()   

  1. 1Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
    3Research and Teaching Management Office, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
  • Received:2025-02-23 Published:2025-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Xieyuan Jiang, Zhiyun Yang
引用本文:

石宛鑫, 商子梦, 吴桐, 卢帅, 邱倩, 徐艳利, 张强, 江宇泳, 刘秀颖, 蒋协远, 杨志云. 新型冠状病毒感染后中老年人维生素D缺乏对骨质疏松患病风险的影响[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 136-145.

Wanxin Shi, Zimeng Shang, Tong Wu, Shuai Lu, Qian Qiu, Yanli Xu, Qiang Zhang, Yuyong Jiang, Xiuying Liu, Xieyuan Jiang, Zhiyun Yang. Effect of vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly people after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on the risk of osteoporosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 136-145.

目的

探讨新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染后中老年人维生素D缺乏对骨质疏松患病风险的影响。

方法

选择2019年12月1日至2024年8月31日首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院周边社区曾感染SARS-CoV-2且年龄≥ 55岁的中老年患者共388例,根据是否缺乏25-羟维生素D(25-OH-VD)将其分为25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组(182例)和25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml组(206例),比较两组患者一般资料、骨质与椎体骨质结构和SARS-CoV-2感染相关指标。应用Logistic回归分析SARS-CoV-2感染后≥ 55岁中老年人患骨质疏松得影响因素。

结果

25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组和25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml组患者性别差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 29.85、P < 0.001)。25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml组患者红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EO#)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血肌酐(CREA)和血尿酸(URCA)显著低于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组(P均< 0.05);而磷离子(PHOS)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)显著高于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组(P均< 0.05)。25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml组患者左髋、右髋和腰椎T值均显著低于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组,差异均有统计学意义(Z =-4.45、P < 0.001,Z =-4.84、P < 0.001、Z =-3.03、P = 0.002)。25-OH-VD< 20 ng/ml组患者骨折患病、胸椎增生、疏松患病和FRAX@预测10年骨质疏松患病均显著高于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组,而胸椎退行性变率则显著低于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组,差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml组患者新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)典型临床症状数量显著高于25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组,差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 9.89、P = 0.007)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者性别(OR = 3.13、95%CI:1.17~8.37、P = 0.023)、COVID-19典型临床症状数量(4~9个:OR = 1.72、95%CI:1.01~2.96、P = 0.049,≥ 10个:OR = 5.90、95%CI:2.98~11.69、P < 0.001)、ALP(OR= 1.02、95%CI:1.01~1.03、P < 0.001)、CREA(OR = 0.97、95%CI:0.95~0.99、P = 0.041)、CD3+ T%(OR = 0.96、95%CI:0.93~0.99、P = 0.044)和25-OH-VD(OR = 0.96、95%CI:0.93~0.99、P = 0.048)均为中老年人罹患骨质疏松症的独立影响因素。

结论

SARS-CoV-2感染后维生素D缺乏中老年人更易发生骨质疏松,应提高中老年女性、营养状态、免疫指标及25-OH-VD在骨质疏松预防与控制工作中的关注度。

Objective

To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly individuals after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods

Total of 388 middle-aged and elderly patients aged ≥ 55 years old previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the surrounding communities of Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 1st 2019 to August 31st 2024 were selected, who were divided into 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (182 cases) and 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group (206 cases) according to 25-OH-VD sufficiency or deficiency. The general data, bone and vertebral bone structure, and SARS-CoV-2 infection related indicators of the two groups were compared, respectively. The factors affecting osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people aged 55 years old and over after SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.

Results

Gender of patients between 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml and 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group was significantly different (χ2 = 29.85, P < 0.001). Patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group had significantly lower levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil count (EO#), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), prealbumin (PAB), creatinine (CREA) and uric acid (URCA) compared with those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (all P < 0.05); but phosphate ions (PHOS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acids (TBA), parathyroid hormone (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were significantly higher than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group (all P < 0.05). T values of the left hip, right hip and lumbar spine of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group were significantly lower than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant differences (Z =-4.45, P < 0.001; Z =-4.84, P < 0.001; Z =-3.03, P = 0.002). The incidence of fractures, thoracic hyperplasia, osteoporosis and FRAX@ predicted 10-year osteoporosis of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group were significantly higher than those of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, but the rate of thoracic degeneration was significantly lower than that of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The number of typical symptoms of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of patients in 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml group was significantly higher than that of 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml group, with significant difference (χ2 = 9.89, P = 0.007). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patient gender (OR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.17-8.37, P = 0.023), number of typical symptoms of COVID-19 (4-9: OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.96, P = 0.049; ≥ 10: OR = 5.90, 95%CI: 2.98-11.69, P < 0.001), ALP (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, P < 0.001), CREA (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99,P = 0.041), CD3+ T% (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99, P = 0.044) and 25-OH-VD (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99,P = 0.048) were all independent influencing factors for osteoporosis.

Conclusions

After SARS-CoV-2 infection, middle-aged and elderly people with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly women, nutritional status, immune indicators and 25-OH-VD in the prevention and control of osteoporosis.

表1 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组和< 20 ng/ml组COVID-19中老年患者一般资料
指标 合计(388例) 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml(182例) 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml(206例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)] χ2 = 29.85a < 0.001
145(37.37) 94(51.65) 51(24.76)
243(62.63) 88(48.35) 155(75.24)
年龄 [例(%)] χ2 = 3.08a 0.678
55~60岁 221(56.96) 102(56.04) 119(57.77)
61~70岁 99(25.52) 50(27.47) 49(23.79)
> 71岁 68(17.53) 30(16.48) 38(18.45)
吸烟 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.90a 0.079
297(76.55) 132(72.53) 165(80.10)
91(23.45) 50(27.47) 41(19.90)
饮酒 [例(%)] χ2 = 1.04a 0.342
263(67.78) 119(65.38) 144(69.90)
125(32.22) 63(34.62) 62(30.10)
糖尿病 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.09a 0.307
301(77.58) 137(75.27) 164(79.61)
87(22.42) 45(24.73) 42(20.39)
冠心病 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.25a 0.763
339(87.37) 160(87.91) 179(86.89)
49(12.63) 22(12.09) 27(13.11)
高血压 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.78a 0.617
229(59.02) 105(57.69) 124(60.19)
159(40.98) 77(42.31) 82(39.81)
RBC(,× 1012/L) 4.64 ± 0.44 4.72 ± 0.44 4.57 ± 0.43 t = 3.38 < 0.001
HGB(,g/L) 141.69 ± 13.34 144.16 ± 13.78 139.51 ± 12.57 t = 3.47 < 0.001
HCT(,%) 42.51 ± 3.70 43.12 ± 3.74 41.98 ± 3.59 t = 3.06 0.002
WBC(,× 109/L) 5.94(5.02,7.09) 6.08(5.24,7.23) 5.74(4.86,6.79) Z =-2.31 0.021
MO# [MP25P75),× 109/L] 0.33(0.26,0.41) 0.34(0.27,0.43) 0.32(0.25,0.39) Z =-1.97 0.049
EO# [MP25P75),× 109/L] 0.10(0.05,0.16) 0.10(0.06,0.18) 0.09(0.05,0.14) Z =-2.07 0.038
MCHC [MP25P75),g/L] 333.00(326.00,340.00) 334.00(328.00,340.00) 332.00(325.00,339.00) Z =-2.24 0.025
PAB(,mg/L) 257.22 ± 55.02 267.56 ± 53.62 248.09 ± 54.74 t = 3.53 < 0.001
PHOS(,mmol/L) 1.09 ± 0.16 1.07 ± 0.15 1.10 ± 0.16 t =-2.20 0.029
T4 [MP25P75),μg/dl] 8.14(7.27,9.05) 8.03(7.20,8.95) 8.29(7.40,9.17) Z =-2.21 0.027
T3 [MP25P75),ng/ml] 1.02(0.93,1.14) 0.99(0.90,1.10) 1.04(0.96,1.16) Z =-3.08 0.002
AST [MP25P75),U/L] 19.20(16.30,23.50) 18.85(16.22,22.35) 20.20(16.40,24.70) Z =-2.07 0.038
ALP [MP25P75),U/L] 87.45(75.10,101.35) 82.40(71.90,95.85) 91.28(78.30,109.00) Z =-4.01 < 0.001
TBA [MP25P75),μmol/L] 2.20(1.40,3.60) 2.10(1.30,2.77) 2.30(1.52,4.30) Z =-2.68 0.007
CREA [MP25P75),µmol/L] 63.50(55.68,73.05) 66.20(58.62,77.47) 61.40(53.05,69.40) Z =-4.01 < 0.001
URCA [MP25P75),μmol/L] 301.00(252.00,355.50) 314.50(269.50,377.00) 287.50(240.25,334.75) Z =-4.19 < 0.001
CD3+ T%( 66.62 ± 8.92 65.66 ± 9.21 67.48 ± 8.58 t =-2.01 0.045
CD8+ T%( 24.54 ± 7.57 24.33 ± 7.47 24.72 ± 7.67 t =-0.51 0.608
PTH [MP25P75),pg/ml] 46.00(36.35,60.10) 44.30(33.18,56.20) 48.30(38.30,62.70) Z =-2.90 0.004
表2 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组和< 20 ng/ml组COVID-19中老年患者骨质与椎体骨质结构
指标 合计(388例) 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml(182例) 25-OH-VD < 20 ng/ml(206例) 统计量 P
DXA测量T值 [MP25P75),G/cm2]
左髋 -1.10(-1.80,-0.50) -0.80(-1.44,-0.32) -1.30(-2.00,-0.70) Z =-4.45 < 0.001
右髋 -1.10(-1.70,-0.50) -0.80(-1.40,-0.30) -1.40(-2.00,-0.70) Z =-4.84 < 0.001
腰椎 -1.40(-2.20,-0.30) -1.00(-2.00,-0.23) -1.50(-2.40,-0.50) Z =-3.03 0.002
骨折 [例(%)] χ2 = 4.54a 0.033
373(96.13) 179(98.35) 194(94.17)
15(3.87) 3(1.65) 12(5.83)
颈椎退行性变 [例(%)] χ2 = 1.62a 0.203
54(13.92) 21(11.54) 33(16.02)
334(86.08) 161(88.46) 173(83.98)
颈椎曲度变化 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.03a 0.861
368(94.85) 173(95.05) 195(94.66)
20(5.15) 9(4.95) 11(5.34)
颈椎增生 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.58a 0.445
378(97.42) 179(98.35) 199(96.60)
10(2.58) 3(1.65) 7(3.40)
胸椎退行性变 [例(%)] χ2 = 4.92a 0.027
124(31.96) 48(26.37) 76(36.89)
264(68.04) 134(73.63) 130(63.11)
胸椎楔形变 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.96a 0.326
371(95.62) 176(96.70) 195(94.66)
17(4.38) 6(3.30) 11(5.34)
胸椎增生 [例(%)] χ2 = 6.04a 0.014
329(84.79) 163(89.56) 166(80.58)
59(15.21) 19(10.44) 40(19.42)
腰椎退行性变 [例(%)] χ2 = 0.91a 0.340
24(6.19) 9(4.95) 15(7.28)
364(93.81) 173(95.05) 191(92.72)
腰椎间隙狭窄 [例(%)] χ2 = 2.45a 0.117
334(86.08) 162(89.01) 172(83.50)
54(13.92) 20(10.99) 34(16.50)
腰椎侧弯 [例(%)] χ2 = 1.01a 0.314
359(92.53) 171(93.96) 188(91.26)
29(7.47) 11(6.04) 18(8.74)
骨质 [例(%)] χ2 = 19.09a < 0.001
正常 71(18.30) 42(23.08) 29(14.08)
减少 214(55.15) 110(60.44) 104(50.49)
疏松 103(26.55) 30(16.48) 73(35.44)
OSTA [例(%)] b 0.592
>-1 176(72.43) 66(75.00) 110(70.97)
-4~-1 61(25.10) 21(23.86) 40(25.81)
<-4 6(2.47) 1(1.14) 5(3.23)
FRAX@ [MP25P75),%] 3.50(2.70,4.80) 3.40(2.60,4.70) 3.80(2.85,4.88) Z =-2.14 0.032
表3 25-OH-VD ≥ 20 ng/ml组和< 20 ng/ml组COVID-19中老年患者SARS-CoV-2感染相关指标 [例(%)]
表4 影响≥ 55 岁COVID-19 中老年人骨质疏松的单因素Logistic 回归分析
表5 影响SARS-CoV-2感染后≥ 55岁中老年人骨质疏松的多因素Logistic回归分析
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