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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 279 -287. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.05.004

论著

755例慢性丙型肝炎患者临床特征及进展为肝硬化的影响因素
李发英, 马杰, 于国英()   
  1. 810000 西宁市,青海省第四人民医院肝病2科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30 出版日期:2025-10-15
  • 通信作者: 于国英

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of progression to liver cirrhosis for 755 patients with chronic hepatitis C

Faying Li, Jie Ma, Guoying Yu()   

  1. Department 2 of Liver Disease of the Fourth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
  • Received:2025-04-30 Published:2025-10-15
  • Corresponding author: Guoying Yu
引用本文:

李发英, 马杰, 于国英. 755例慢性丙型肝炎患者临床特征及进展为肝硬化的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 279-287.

Faying Li, Jie Ma, Guoying Yu. Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of progression to liver cirrhosis for 755 patients with chronic hepatitis C[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(05): 279-287.

目的

分析慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的临床特征及进展为肝硬化的影响因素。

方法

回顾性收集2023年1月至2024年12月青海省第四人民医院收治的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体及HCV RNA阳性且聚合酶链式反应(PCR)基因测序成功的755例CHC患者为研究对象,根据患者感染HCV基因型分为GT3组(250例)和非GT3组(505例),根据完成抗病毒治疗后是否进展为肝硬化分为肝硬化组(575例)和非肝硬化组(180例);分别比较两组患者性别、年龄、人群分类、感染途径、治疗率及肝脏炎症指标。正态分布计量资料比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布计量资料比较采用非参数检验,率的比较采用Pearson卡方检验;应用Spearman秩相关分析CHC患者各基线指标与进展为肝硬化的相关性;应用多因素Logistics回归模型筛选CHC患者进展为肝硬化的独立影响因素。

结果

755例CHC病例中HCV GT3型感染率为33.11%(250/755)。与非GT3型HCV感染者相比,GT3型HCV感染者中男性(197/250、78.80%)、40~60岁患者(224/250、89.60%)、无业和农民(219/250、87.60%)以及静脉药瘾为感染途径(124/250、49.60%)占比显著,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。GT3型HCV感染者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、总胆红素(TBil)、肝脏硬度值(LSM)和APRI评分水平显著高于非GT3型组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。GT3型HCV感染者血小板(PLT)和SVR12均低于非GT3型HCV感染者(Z=-6.424、P<0.001、χ2=6.370、P=0.012),且GT3型HCV感染者肝硬化发生率更高(39.60% vs. 16.04%:χ2=51.121、P<0.001)。250例HCV GT3亚型感染者中GT3b亚型占71.6%(179/250),与GT3a亚型感染者相比,GT3b亚型感染者平均年龄更大[(53.52±5.34)岁 vs.(51.37±8.32)岁],AFP水平更高[6.85(3.61,13.67) ng/ml vs. 5.05(3.56,8.89) ng/ml,],差异均有统计学意义(t=8.574、P=0.046,Z=-2.303、P=0.021)。Spearman秩相关分析显示,CHC患者进展为肝硬化与年龄(r=0.125、P<0.001)、GT3型HCV感染(r=0.262、P<0.001)、ALT(r=0.104、P=0.004)、AST(r=0.304、P<0.001)、APRI(r=0.510、P<0.001)、AFP(r=0.183、P<0.001)、LSM(r=0.671、P<0.001)和TBil(r=0.276、P<0.001)均呈正相关,与血小板(r=-0.408、P<0.001)和白蛋白水平(r=-0.103、P=0.005)呈负相关。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,GT3型HCV感染(OR=1.842、95%CI:1.584~2.192、P<0.001)、AST(OR=1.008、95%CI:1.000~1.016、P=0.041)、PLT(OR=0.992、95%CI:0.985~0.994、P<0.001)、AFP(OR=1.012、95%CI:1.002~1.022、P=0.014)、白蛋白(ALB)(OR=0.870、95%CI:0.781~0.969、P=0.011)、年龄(OR=1.028、95%CI:1.011~1.044、P<0.001)和LSM(OR=1.430、95%CI:1.329~1.539、P<0.001)均为完成抗病毒治疗后CHC患者进展为肝硬化的影响因素。

结论

HCV GT3型(尤其3b亚型)感染在青海地区CHC患者中占比显著,且临床病程更具侵袭性和肝硬化风险更高,GT3型HCV感染、AST、PLT、AFP、ALB、年龄和LSM均为CHC患者进展为肝硬化的独立影响因素。

Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and influencing factors for progression to liver cirrhosis.

Methods

Total of 755 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, positive HCV RNA, and successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene sequencing admitted to Qinghai Fourth People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were collected, retrospectively. According to HCV genotype, the cases were divided into GT3 group (250 cases) and non-GT3 group (505 cases); according to whether progressed to liver cirrhosis after completing antiviral therapy, the cases were divided into liver cirrhosis group (575 cases) and non-liver cirrhosis group (180 cases). Gender, age, population classification, route of infection, treatment rate and liver inflammation indicators were compared between the two groups, respectively. The normally distributed and non-normally distributed measurement data were compared by independent samples t-test and non-parametric test, respectively; and the rates were compared by Pearson Chi-square test. The correlation between various baseline indicators of CHC patients and progression to liver cirrhosis were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. The independent influencing factors of progression to liver cirrhosis of CHC patients were analyzed by multiple factor Logistic regression model.

Results

Among the 755 patients with CHC, the infection rate of HCV GT3 was 33.11% (250/755). Compared with patients of non-GT3 group, the GT3 group had a significantly higher proportion of males (197/250, 78.80%), cases aged 40-60 years old (224/250, 89.60%), unemployed individuals and farmers (219/250, 87.60%) and those with intravenous drug use as the route of infection (124/250, 49.60%), with significant differences (all P<0.001). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin (TBil), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and APRI score of patients in GT3 group were significantly higher than those in non-GT3 group, with significant differences (all P<0.001). The platelet (PLT) count and SVR12 rate of patients in GT3 group were significantly lower than those in non-GT3 group (Z=-6.424, P<0.001: χ2=6.370, P=0.012), and the incidence of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher among patients in GT3 group (39.60% vs. 16.04%; χ2=51.121, P<0.001). Among the 250 patients infected with HCV GT3 subtype, the proportion of GT3b subtype was 71.6% (179/250). Compared with those infected with GT3a subtype, patients infected with GT3b subtype had a significantly older average age [(53.52±5.34) years old vs. (51.37±8.32) years old] and significantly higher AFP level [6.85 (3.61, 13.67) ng/ml vs. 5.05 (3.56, 8.89) ng/ml], with significant differences (t=8.574, P=0.046; Z=-2.303, P=0.021). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with CHC was positively correlated with age (r=0.125, P<0.001), HCV GT3 infection (r=0.262, P<0.001), ALT (r=0.104, P=0.004), AST (r=0.304, P<0.001), APRI (r=0.510, P<0.001), AFP (r=0.183, P<0.001), LSM (r=0.671, P<0.001) and TBil (r=0.276, P<0.001), while negatively correlated with platelet (PLT) count (r=-0.408, P<0.001) and albumin level (r=-0.103, P=0.005). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HCV GT3 infection (OR=1.842, 95%CI: 1.584-2.192, P<0.001), AST (OR=1.008, 95%CI: 1.000-1.016, P=0.041), PLT (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.985-0.994, P<0.001), AFP (OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.002-1.022, P=0.014), albumin (ALB) (OR=0.870, 95%CI: 0.781-0.969, P=0.011), age (OR=1.028, 95%CI: 1.011-1.044, P<0.001) and LSM (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.329-1.539, P<0.001) were all influencing factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients after completing antiviral treatment.

Conclusions

HCV genotype 3 (especially subtype 3b) infection accounts for a significant proportion of CHC patients in Qinghai region, and is associated with a more aggressive clinical course and higher risk of liver cirrhosis. HCV genotype 3 infection, AST, PLT, AFP, ALB, age and LSM are all independent influencing factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with CHC.

表1 GT3型与非GT3型CHC患者的基线资料
指标 GT3型组(250例) 非GT3型组(505例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)] χ2=33.553 <0.001a
197(78.80) 289(57.23)
53(21.20) 216(42.77)
年龄 [例(%)] χ2=94.237 <0.001a
>60岁 18(7.20) 160(31.68)
40~60岁 224(89.60) 272(53.86)
<40岁 8(3.20) 73(14.46)
疾病阶段 [例(%)] χ2=51.121 <0.001a
CHC 151(60.40) 424(83.96)
肝硬化 99(39.60) 81(16.04)
人群分类 [例(%)] χ2=23.544 <0.001a
无业 102(40.80) 139(27.52)
牧民 1(0.40) 27(5.35)
农民 117(46.80) 284(56.24)
工人 20(8.00) 36(7.13)
其他 10(4.00) 19(3.76)
感染途径 [例(%)] χ2=289.463 <0.001a
静脉药瘾 124(49.60) 5(0.99)
母婴传播 3(1.20) 58(11.49)
输血 29(11.60) 143(28.32)
性传播 8(3.20) 20(3.96)
未知途径 23(9.20) 101(20.00)
其他 63(25.20) 178(35.25)
ALT [MP25P75),U/L] 86.00(53.75,139.00) 50.00(31.00,86.00) Z=-8.161 <0.001
AST [MP25P75),U/L] 65.00(44.00,105.00) 37.00(26.00,54.50) Z=-10.515 <0.001
血小板[MP25P75),×109/L] 122.50(83.00,169.00) 154.00(113.00,209.00) Z=-6.424 <0.001
白蛋白[MP25P75),g/L] 40.10(37.58,42.70) 40.80(38.15,43.30) Z=-1.887 0.059
肝脏硬度值[MP25P75),kPa] 10.15(7.60,15.55) 7.60(6.50,10.55) Z=-8.937 <0.001
脂肪变定量[MP25P75),dB/m] 7.60(6.50,10.55) 7.60(6.50,10.55) Z=0.476 0.634
HCV RNA [MP25P75),lgIU/ml] 237.00(219.00,261.25) 240.00(220.12,262.15) Z=-1.797 0.233
甲胎蛋白[MP25P75),ng/ml] 6.38(3.59,11.63) 3.59(2.33,5.82) Z=-8.574 <0.001
总胆红素[MP25P75),mol/L] 18.80(14.20,25.30) 16.25(11.52,22.80) Z=-3.657 <0.001
APRI评分[MP25P75)] 1.90(1.68,4.90) 0.80(0.50,1.80) Z=44.510 <0.001
疗效 [例(%)]
SVR12 240(96.00) 499(98.81) χ2=6.370 0.012a
失败 10(4.00) 6(1.19)
并发症 [例(%)]
41(16.40) 75(14.85) χ2=0.301 0.580a
209(83.60) 430(85.15)
表2 HCV GT3a和GT3b亚型感染者的基线资料
基线资料 HCV GT3a亚型感染者(71例) HCV GT3b亚型感染者(179例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)] χ2=0.106 0.745a
55(77.46) 142(79.33)
16(22.54) 37(20.67)
疾病阶段 [例(%)] χ2=2.155 0.142a
CHC 48(67.61) 103(57.54)
肝硬化 23(23.39) 76(42.46)
年龄(
±s,岁)
51.37±8.32 53.52±5.34 t=8.574 0.046
ALT [MP25P75),U/L] 81.00(52.00,121.00) 90.00(56.00,144.00) Z=-0.939 0.348
AST [MP25P75),U/L] 60.00(40.00,93.00) 67.00(46.00,116.00) Z=-1.650 0.169
血小板 [MP25P75),×109/L] 133.00(86.00,185.00) 117.00(82.00,158.00) Z=-1.538 0.124
白蛋白(
±s,g/L)
40.99±6.83 39.72 ± 4.62 t=1.201 0.090
脂肪变定量[MP25P75),dB/m] 224.00(222.00,269.00) 238.00(219.00,260.00) Z=-1.375 0.169
肝脏硬度值[MP25P75),kPa] 9.80(7.20,14.10) 11.20(7.70,16.20) Z=-1.829 0.067
HCV RNA [MP25P75),lgIU/ml] 6.18(5.34,6.78) 5.94(5.23,6.52) Z=-1.845 0.065
甲胎蛋白[MP25P75),ng/ml] 5.05(3.56,8.89) 6.85(3.61,13.67) Z=-2.303 0.021
总胆红素[MP25P75),mol/L] 18.75(13.88,24.03) 18.90(14.30,26.10) Z=-0.478 0.633
APRI评分 [MP25P75)] 1.40(0.60,2.60) 1.60(0.80,3.30) Z=-1.821 0.069
疗效 [例(%)] χ2=1.734 0.188a
治愈 70(98.58) 170(94.97)
失败 1(1.42) 9(3.05)
并发症 [例(%)] χ2=1.420 0.232a
6(8.45) 25(13.97)
65(91.55) 154(86.03)
表3 丙型肝炎肝硬化与CHC患者的临床资料
临床资料 CHC患者(575例) 丙型肝炎肝硬化患者(180例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)]
364(63.30) 122(67.78) χ2=21.195 0.275a
211(36.70) 58(32.22)
年龄(
±s,岁)
53.28±11.91 56.49±7.74 t=21.994 <0.001
基因分型 [例(%)] χ2=51.128 <0.001a
GT3型 151(26.26) 99(55.00)
非GT3型 424(73.74) 81(45.00)
ALT [MP25P75),U/L] 57.50(34.00,98.00) 75.00(41.25,118.75) Z=-3.461 0.004
AST [MP25P75),U/L] 39.00(27.00,62.75) 70.00(45.00,118.00) Z=-9.343 <0.001
血小板[MP25P75),×109/L] 161.50(122.00,208.00) 89.00(61.00,118.50) Z=-13.096 <0.001
白蛋白 [MP25P75),g/L] 41.10(38.90,43.50) 38.25(34.03,41.45) Z=-7.534 <0.001
肝脏硬度值(
±s,kPa)
8.23±2.70 15.19±4.67 t=112.488 <0.001
脂肪变定量[MP25P75),dB/m] 238.00(219.00,261.00) 237.50(220.00,261.50) Z=-0.423 0.672
HCV RNA [MP25P75),lgIU/ml] 6.20(5.39,6.75) 5.97(5.42,6.56) Z=-2.243 0.025
甲胎蛋白[MP25P75),ng/ml] 3.71(2.42,6.16) 8.91(4.15,20.70) Z=-9.328 <0.001
总胆红素[MP25P75),mol/L] 15.90(11.20,20.80) 23.35(16.88,33.52) Z=-9.233 <0.001
APRI评分 [MP25P75)] 0.90(0.50,1.70) 2.20(1.13,4.10) Z=-9.520 <0.001
疗效 [例(%)]
治愈 566(98.43) 173(96.11) χ2=3.570 0.059a
失败 9(1.57) 7(3.89)
表4 HCV感染者进展为肝硬化与基线资料间的相关性
表5 影响CHC患者进展为肝硬化的多因素Logistic回归分析
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