探讨乳山市人民医院2015年临床分离细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性，为临床合理用药和控制医院感染提供依据。

采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）对分离菌株进行药敏试验，根据CLSI 2014年标准判定药敏试验结果，采用WHIONET 5.4软件进行数据分析。

2015年本院共分离出非重复病原菌2 596株，其中革兰阳性菌661株（25.5%），革兰阴性杆菌1 935株（74.5%）。金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌分别居革兰阳性球菌和革兰阴性杆菌的首位。葡萄球菌属中耐苯唑西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐苯唑西林表皮葡萄球菌的检出率分别为23.0%和73.6%；未分离出耐万古霉素的肠球菌属和葡萄球菌属细菌。革兰阴性菌对氨苄青霉素、环丙沙星耐药率普遍较高，对碳青霉烯类药物和含酶抑制剂的复方制剂耐药率较低。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为37.4%和25.4%，产ESBL菌株常可引起多重耐药。

本院分离的细菌以大肠埃希菌位居第一，产ESBL大肠埃希菌、耐苯唑西林葡萄球菌耐药比较严重，应引起临床和院感部门重视。

To investigate the drug resistance to antimicrobial of clinical isolates in Rushan People’s Hospital in 2015, and to provide basis for rational drug use and hospital infection control.

Disk diffusion method (K-B method) was used to detect susceptibility according to CLSI 2014. Data was analyzed by WHIONET 5.4 software.

Total of 2 596 non-repeating isolates were collected in clinical specimen in 2015. There were 661 (25.5%) isolates were Gram-positive cocci, 1 935 (74.5%) were Gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most isolates in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 23.0% and 73.6% in Staphylococcus, respectively. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were not detected. Most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxac, while sensitive to carbapenems and compound preparation containing inhibitors. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) were 37.4% and 25.4%, respectively. ESBL producing strains could often lead to multi-drug resistance.

The most pathogens isolated in our hospital were E. coli. The resistance of E. coli. producing ESBL and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was significant, which should be paid attention to by clinicians and hospital infection department.