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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2017, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (02) : 176 -180. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2017.02.015

临床论著

某院2014年度重症监护病房病原菌分布及耐药性分析
罗玮1, 杨丽2, 苏维奇1, 于清华1,()   
  1. 1. 266071 青岛市,山东省青岛市市立医院检验科
    2. 266034 青岛市,山东省青岛市妇女儿童医院检验科
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-16 出版日期:2017-04-15
  • 通信作者: 于清华

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in intensive care unit in a hospital

Wei Luo1, Li Yang2, Weiqi Su1, Qinghua Yu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
  • Received:2016-01-16 Published:2017-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Qinghua Yu
引用本文:

罗玮, 杨丽, 苏维奇, 于清华. 某院2014年度重症监护病房病原菌分布及耐药性分析[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2017, 11(02): 176-180.

Wei Luo, Li Yang, Weiqi Su, Qinghua Yu. Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in intensive care unit in a hospital[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2017, 11(02): 176-180.

目的

探讨重症监护病房(ICU)患者病原菌的分布特点及耐药情况。

方法

对2014年1月至2014年12月于本院ICU住院患者送检的711份标本进行细菌培养,采用BD公司Poenix-100全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统对病原菌进行鉴定和药敏试验,根据CLSI 2013版判定结果。采用χ2检验分析ICU与其他科室鲍曼不动杆菌、肠球菌和念珠菌的耐药性。

结果

共收集363份(51.05%)痰液标本,202份(28.41%)来自血液标本,90份(12.66%)尿标本和56份(7.88%)其他标本。共分离出病原菌475株,检出最多的革兰阴性菌为鲍曼不动杆菌134株(28.21%),检出最多的革兰阳性菌为屎肠球菌22株(4.63%),检出真菌共67株(14.11%)。ICU患者鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素均敏感,对多数抗菌药物的耐药率均高于其他科室(P均< 0.001)。肠球菌对利奈唑胺、替考他宁和万古霉素均敏感,对多数抗菌药物耐药率高,与其他科室差异无统计学意义。真菌对两性霉素均敏感,对沃尔康唑和氟康唑的耐药率显著高于其他科室(P均< 0.001)。

结论

ICU患者非发酵菌和真菌检出率高,且多种病原菌耐药情况较其他科室严重,需加强ICU病原菌及耐药性监测,并根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物,以减少耐药菌的产生和扩散。

Objective

To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Total of 711 specimens from patients in ICU from January to December in 2014 were collected for culture. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility detection were carried out using BD Phoenix-100 automated microbiology system. The data were analyzed according to CLSI 2013 breakpoints. The differences of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus and Candida between ICU and other departments were analyzed by Chi-square test.

Results

Total of 363 (51.05%) sputum samples, 202 (28.41%) blood samples, 90 (12.66%) urine samples and 56 (7.88%) other samples were collected. Among the 475 clinical isolates, 134 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (28.21%) were detected, which was the most common Gram-negative bacterium, 22 strains of Enterococcus faecium (4.63%) were detected, which was the most common gram-positive bacterium, and 67 strains of fungi (14.11%) were detected. Acinetobacter baumannii detected from ICU was absolutely susceptible to polymyxin, which had higher resistant rates to most antibiotics than isolates from other departments (all P < 0.001). Enterococcus was absolutely susceptible to linezoid, teicoplanin and vancomycin, which had higher resistant rates to most antibiotics and had no significant difference compared with isolates form other departments. The fungus was absolutely susceptible to amphotericin and had higher resistant rates to voriconazole and fluconazole than isolates from other departments (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The detection rates of non-fermentative bacteria and fungi from ICU patients were high. The antibiotics resistance of several pathogens from ICU was more serious than that from other departments. So monitoring of distribution and drug resistance of pathogens should be strengthened and antibiotics should be used rationally in order to reduce the development and spread of drug-resistant bacteria.

表1 所收集标本类型构成比及阳性率
表2 所分离病原菌分布及构成比
表3 ICU与其他科室鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用药物的耐药性
表4 ICU与其他科室肠球菌对临床常用药物的耐药性
表5 ICU及其他科室分离的真菌对临床常用药物的耐药性
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