To investigate the clinical features, laboratory examination and treatment of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea.

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) complicated with antimicrobial drug-associated diarrhea (ACD) in General Hospital of Jinan Military Area in 2017 was analyzed, retrospectively.

After repeated chemotherapy, the patient was treated with antibiotics before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to clean the intestine and prevent infection. The patient occurred diarrhea, high fever, nausea and vomiting after the use of antimicrobial agents. Laboratory examination: Gram-positive bacillus was found in fecal smears, suspected clostridium; with Clostridium difficile antigen and toxin positive. The symptoms of diarrhea were gradually alleviated when antibiotics were suspended in clinical practice, and treated with vancomycin hydrochloride and corresponding rehydration, nutrition, microflora regulation and other corresponding symptomatic measures.

Long-term hospitalization, low immunity and long-term use of antimicrobial agents were important risk factors for antimicrobial associated diarrhea. The use of antibiotics should be reasonably standardized, accurate and timely examinated and diagnosed, and regular regimen should be taken.