To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomia bloodstream infections in our hospital for three consecutive years, retrospectively, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of bloodstream infections.

Blood samples of inpatient in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were cultured, pathogens were isolated from positive alarm blood culture bottles, pathogens identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by DL-Medical bacterium measurement system.

Total of 381 strains of pathogens were isolated, the detection rate was 9.6%, Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 60.4% and the detection rate of Gram-negative bacilli was higher than that of Gram-positive cocci. The top four pathogens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The age of patients mainly concentrated in the 0-1 and 60-91 years old. Pathogens mainly distributed in departments of pediatrics, ICU, blood purification division and oncology. The detected rates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamasaes (ESBLs) were 55.2% and 33.8%. The drug susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producing ESBLs to cefoxitin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam were significant and these drugs could be used as experience. The detected rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase negative (MRSCN) were 30.0% and 52.5%. The drug susceptibility of MRSA and MRSCN to tetracycline, minocycline, moxifloxacin and rifampicin were strong, and the drug resistance of MRSA and MRSCN to penicillins and macrolides were high, vancomycin and linezolid could be used as the first choice for the therapy in patients with severe bloodstream infection caused by Staphylococcus.

Pathogens causing nosocomia bloodstream infections were various and the drug resistance were complex. Clinicians should raise the submission rate of blood and catheter. Laboratories should pay attention to the monitoring of pathogens and drug resistance. Laboratories should provide timely and accurate drug susceptibility results for clinicians. Clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents rationally according for drug susceptibility results, and control the emergence and spread of drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomia bloodstream infections effectively.