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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06): 404-409. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.06.007

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Clinical characteristics of 128 children with influenza complicated with nervous system symptoms

Yanlan Zhang1, Lin Xu1, Caiying Wang1, Min Miao1, Lin Pang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2022-03-16 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2023-03-02
  • Contact: Lin Pang

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of influenza in children with neurological symptoms.

Methods

Total of 128 children with influenza complicated with neurological symptoms admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to December 2019 were analyzed, retrospectively. Clinical data, laboratory and cranial imaging data, outcomes and prognosis were analyzed, respectively. According to the diagnosis, 108 (84.4%) cases were divided into febrile seizures (FS) group, 14 (10.9%) cases were collected into influenza-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis (IAE) group and 6 (4.7%) cases were collected into epileptic seizure group. Measurement data without normal distribution were represented as M (P25, P75), comparison between groups was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Count data were represented by [cases (%)], and comparison between groups was performed using Fisher’s exact probability method.

Results

The main clinical manifestations were fever and convulsion in 128 children with influenza and nervous system symptoms. There were significant differences in age (H = 10.678, P = 0.005), gender (P = 0.018), neurological underlying diseases (P = 0.049), disorders of consciousness (P < 0.001), convulsions (P < 0.001) and epileptic status (P < 0.001) among FS group, IAE group and epileptic group. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) of cases in IAE group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups, and the difference among the three groups were statistically significant (H = 6.198, P = 0.045; H = 11.201, P = 0.004). The prognosis of children in FS group and epileptic seizure group were good. Among IAE group, 4 (28.6%) cases died and 2 (14.3%) cases had neurological sequelae.

Conclusions

Neurologic symptoms of in children with influenza are mainly febrile convulsion, epileptic seizure, and the prognosis is good. A few children can appear disturbance of consciousness, and progress as IAE, which may occur neurological sequelae and the risk of death.

Key words: Influenza, Children, Febrile seizures, Influenza-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis

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