To investigate the infectious pathogens in patients with hematologic diseases by high-throughput macrogenome sequencing, and to provide evidence for rapid diagnosis and early targeted drug use.

From January to June 2019, the data and clinical characteristics of the patients with peripheral blood were analyzed, retrospectively, and the types of infectious pathogens were summarized.

Total of 41 patients were collected, among whom, 24 cases were pathogens positive, of which the highest percentage of bacterial infection was Pesudomona spp. (4/24, 16.67%), following by Acinetobacter spp. (2/24, 8.33%), Klebsiella spp. (2/24, 8.33%), Staphylococcus spp. (2/24, 8.33%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2/24,8.33%). However, Neisseria spp., Moelleralla spp. and M. tuberculosis infectons were all rare. Total of 6 patients detected mixed infection, among which virus and bacteria mixed infection was the most common (4/24, 16.67%). In comparison, fungal infection demonstrated scattered feature, with each one positive case (0.04%) detected for Candida albicans, Penicillium spp., Pneumocystis carinii, Rhizopus spp., and Saccharomyces spp. For the relative abundance of pathogens was concerned, 83.33% (5/6) of positive fungal pathogens had less fragment reads (< 100) and only 1 case had high load fungal infection (Aspergillus spp. reads was 2 836). Detection results of viral pathogens showed that the virus screening spectrum was limited to known common DNA viruses. The results showed that cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) had the highest detection rates among 24 positive patients, accounting for 20.83% (5/24); compared with fungal pathogens, there was a certain aggregation of virus species, and its relative load was higher (average sequence reads > 200). The detection rates of HSV2 and torquetenosus virus (TTV) were relatively low, accounting for 4.17% (1/24) and 8.33% (2/24), respectively.

The high-throughput macrogenome sequencing technique was used to detect the pathogenic strains of infectious diseases in patients with hematologic diseases. High-throughput macrogenome sequencing technology could rapidly target pathogens and provide targeted antimicrobial therapy had important clinical value.