To investigate the charicteristics of clinic and pathogen of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus nidulans.

Data of two hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University in January 2017 were collected. The clinical and laboratory data of the two cases were analyzed, respectively. The isolation and identification of pathogenic fungus were determined, and the literature was reviewed.

Two patients both had a history of long-term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a variety of underlying diseases. Clinical manifestations were high fever, cough, wheezing and so on. Chest imaging showed that pulmonary patchy high-density shadow. The isolate was identified as Aspergillus nidulans by sequencing and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patients’ symptoms and signs improved after treatment by voriconazole.

Pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus nidulans is relatively rare, and etiological diagnosis is important to early effective treatment.