To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia complicated with rhabdomyolysis and to improve the prognosis of patients.

The clinical manifestation and treatment process of one patients with Legionella pneumonia complicated with rhabdomyolysis were analyzed, and the literature retrieved from 2006 to 2016 and were reviewed.

The case of Legionella pneumophila complicated with rhabdomyolysis was male, whose level of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (MYO) were elevated by 2 171 U/L and 313 ng/ml, repectively, serum creatinine was normal. The levels of CK and MYO returned to normal after symptomatic treatment such as positive fluid replacement, alkalization of urine and diureses. Total 5 cases of Legionella pneumophila complicated with rhabdomyolysis have been retrieved from the literatures, with the age 26-82 years old, and 4 cases were male. Among them, 3 cases had the history of air-conditioning, the levels of CK were 1 641-13 600U/L, 4 patients with elevated creatinine (168-699 μmol/L). All patients had received rehydration, alkaline urine, diuretic symptomatic treatment. The renal function of 3 cases returned to normal after continuous bedside hemofiltration support.

Legionella pneumophila complicated with rhabdomyolysis is rare. Early diagnosis, timely and effective treatment of etiology and complications could help to improve the prognosis.