To investigate the open tibia and fibula fractures risk factors of nosocomial infection, and to take correct prevention measures to reduce infection.

The clinical data of 298 cases of the open tibia and fibula fractures patients who had surgery in our hospital during April 2008 to March 2015 were collected, the related data were analyzed, retrospectively; while the risk factors of the nosocomial infections in 23 patients were analyzed, respectively.

There were 23 patients occurred nosocomial infection in 298 patients with open tibia and fibula fractures, the infection rate was 7.72%. The incidence of incisional infection was 39.13%, followed by urinary tract (21.74%) and lower respiratory tract (17.39%). There was significant correlation among age (> 60 years old), underlying disease, Gustilo-Anderson type Ⅲ fracture, invasive operation, irrational use of antibiotics, hospital stays (> 20 days) (all P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed the risk factors for hospital infection were fracture classification (P = 0.006), invasive operation (P = 0.017), underlying disease (P = 0.023) and age (P = 0.048).

Patients with tibiofibula open fractures occur nosocomial infection is associated with a variety of factors, for related risk factors for correct prevention and measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of hospital infection.