To investigate the clinical features of early infection with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of aplastic anemia.

The clinical data of 65 patients with aplastic anemia in the department of People’s Liberation Army Hospital from January 2009 to December 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively. The conditioning regimen contained cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin. Ciclosporin A, methotrexate, tacrolimus and so on were used for preventing graft versus host disease. Transplantation method was bone marrow mobilization combined with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The adverse reaction, early complications and disease free survival in all patients were analyzed, respectively.

Following up to February 2016, 60 patients received hematopoietic reconstitution and 5 patients got failed transplantation. Total of 48 patients experienced 85 times infections within three months after transplantation, according to the location of infections, there were 15 case-times with oral cavity infection, 18 case-times with upper respiratory tract infection, 25 case-times with lung infection, 6 case-times with abdominal cavity infection, 8 case-times with urinary infection, 11 case-times with blood infection, 2 case-times with skin and soft tissue infection. According to etiology, 70 cases were with bacteria infection, 7 cases were with fungi infection, 8 cases were with cytomegalovirus infection, and 10 cases of death were due to infection. There were 9 cases with acute graft versus host disease, 4 cases died, with overall survival rate as 52.1%.

The rates of infectious complications for patients of aplastic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were high within three months, among which lung infection and fungal infection were with poor prognosis.