To investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment combined with debridement and prosthesis implantation for acute infection after joint replacement.

Total of 62 patients with acute infection after joint replacement hospitalized from January 2013 to December 2013 were selected and treated with debridement and prosthesis implant. Laboratory examination, complications and hip function of patients before and after surgical treatment were detected, respectively.

There were 162 strains of pathogenic bacteria before surgery. The levels of ESR and CRP after operation were all lower than those before operation, with significant differences (t =13.131, 14.437; P both = 0.000). The complications of patients were mainly osteolysis, prosthesis loosening, prosthesis subsidence, periosteal reaction and fixation instability, which incidence after debridement combined with prosthesis implantation were lower than those before operation, with significant differences (χ²= 25.282, 14.523, 6.305, 11.521, 12.071; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.012, 0.001, 0.001). Two years’ follow-up were completed after surgery, and the rate of good Harris score after operation was higher than that before operation, with significant differences (χ² = 75.581, P = 0.000).

The surgical treatment combined with debridement and prosthesis implant in the second phase has significant effect in the treatment of patients with acute infection after joint replacement, with satisfied joint function recovery and little complications.