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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (04) : 243 -249. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2021.04.005

论著

产褥期血流感染者炎性指标及病原菌分布特征
李菲1, 张大伟2, 刘玉磊3, 谢江1, 朱光发1,()   
  1. 1. 100029 北京,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    2. 100029 北京,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院妇产科
    3. 100029 北京,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院检验科
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-30 出版日期:2021-08-15
  • 通信作者: 朱光发
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(No. 81970067)

Inflammation indicators and pathogenic bacteria in puerperium patients complicated with bloodstream infection

Fei Li1, Dawei Zhang2, Yulei Liu3, Jiang Xie1, Guangfa Zhu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical Universty, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical Universty, Beijing 100029, China
    3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical Universty, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2020-08-30 Published:2021-08-15
  • Corresponding author: Guangfa Zhu
引用本文:

李菲, 张大伟, 刘玉磊, 谢江, 朱光发. 产褥期血流感染者炎性指标及病原菌分布特征[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(04): 243-249.

Fei Li, Dawei Zhang, Yulei Liu, Jiang Xie, Guangfa Zhu. Inflammation indicators and pathogenic bacteria in puerperium patients complicated with bloodstream infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(04): 243-249.

目的

分析产褥期血流感染者的临床特征、炎性指标的诊断预测价值和病原菌分布特征。

方法

选取2012年3月至2019年6月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院产科诊治的31例产褥感染合并血流感染者(血培养阳性组),并纳入60例血培养阴性的产褥感染者作为对照(血培养阴性组),比较两组患者的体温、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及其对血流感染的预测价值;分析导致血流感染的细菌种类及耐药性。

结果

血培养阳性组与血培养阴性组感染者的年龄[(29.6 ± 3.84)岁vs.(30.5 ± 3.94)岁,t =-1.049、P = 0.297]、孕龄[39.0(34.5,40.0)周vs. 38.0(38.0,40.0)周,U =-0.468、P = 0.640]、生产方式(剖宫产:90.32% vs. 91.67%,χ2 = 0.000、P = 1.000)和产后出血量[225(200,500)ml vs. 300(200,500)ml,U =-1.536、P = 0.124]等差异均无统计学意义;血培养阳性组患者最高体温[(39.1 ± 0.7)℃ vs.(38.5 ± 0.6)℃,t = 4.677、P < 0.001]、白细胞计数[(14.8 ± 4.6)× 109/L vs.(13.1 ± 3.3)× 109/L,t = 2.044、P = 0.044]、中性粒细胞百分比[(88.7 ± 4.9)% vs.(85.9 ± 4.8)%,t = 2.599、P = 0.011],CRP水平[(140.9 ± 56.7)mg/L vs. (112.7 ± 61.6)mg/L,t = 2.126、P = 0.036]均高于血培养阴性组,差异均有统计学意义。体温38.7 ℃、白细胞计数11.3 × 109/L、中性粒细胞86.0%、CRP 85.2 mg/L为预测产褥期血流感染的最佳截断值,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)分别为0.760(95%CI:0.658~0.862)、0.603(95%CI:0.478~0.729)、0.718(95%CI:0.594~0.841)和0.660(95%CI:0.546~0.774),4项指标联合检测时曲线下面积为0.813(95%CI:0.722~0.903),与白细胞、CRP单独检测AUC差异有统计学意义(Z = 2.531、P = 0.011,Z = 2.438、P = 0.015);而与体温、中性粒细胞百分比单独检测AUC差异无统计学意义(Z = 1.639、P = 0.101,Z = 1.249、P = 0.212);其特异性为86.7%,敏感性为64.5%。血流感染者血培养中革兰阴性菌20例(64.5%),革兰阳性菌11例(35.5%),其中革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌(54.8%)为主,主要对氨苄西林、头孢他啶和头孢曲松耐药,耐药率分别为100.0%、82.3%和88.2%,对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和亚胺培南敏感,敏感率均为100.0%;革兰阳性菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(16.1%)为主,其主要对克林霉素和红霉素耐药,耐药率均为60.0%,对青霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星和庆大霉素敏感,敏感率均为80%,对利奈唑胺和万古霉素敏感率为100%。

结论

产褥期血流感染者的体温、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比及C-反应蛋白均显著升高,且4项指标联合检测对产褥期血流感染的诊断价值较白细胞、CRP单独检测的诊断价值高;产褥期血流感染多为革兰阴性菌所致,主要对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南敏感,应尽早识别、早期治疗。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics, the predictive value of inflammatory indicators and pathogenic bacteria distribution of puerperium patients complicated with bloodstream infection.

Methods

Total of 31 puerperal infection cases with positive blood culture, and 60 cases of puerperal infection without positive blood culture were reviewed from March 2012 to June 2019 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. The clinical characteristics and predictive value of temperature, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage and C-reactive protein (CRP) of the two groups were analyzed, retrospectively. The pathogens distribution and antibiotic resistance were also analyzed.

Results

There were no significant differences in age [(29.6 ± 3.84) years old vs. (30.5 ± 3.94) years old; t =-1.049, P = 0.297], gestational age [39.0 (34.5, 40.0) weeks vs. 38.0 (38.0, 40.0) weeks; U =-0.468, P = 0.640], mode of delivery (cesarean section: 90.32% vs. 91.67%; χ2 = 0.000, P = 1.000) and postpartum hemorrhage [225 (200, 500) ml vs. 300 (200, 500) ml; U =-1.536, P = 0.124] between patients of puerperal infection with and without positive blood culture. The highest body temperature [(39.1 ± 0.7) ℃ vs. (38.5 ± 0.6) ℃; t = 4.677, P < 0.001], WBC [(14.8 ± 4.6) × 109/L vs. (13.1 ± 3.3) × 109/L; t = 2.044, P = 0.044], neutrophil percentage [(88.7 ± 4.9)% vs. (85.9 ± 4.8)%; t = 2.599, P = 0.011] and CRP [(140.9 ± 56.7) mg/L vs. (112.7 ± 61.6) mg/L; t = 2.126, P = 0.036] of puerperal infection with positive blood culture group was significantly higher than that of puerperal infection without positive blood culture group, with significant differences. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curves (AUC) of temperature, WBC, neutrophil percentage and CRP for the discrimination of puerperal bloodstream infection were 0.760 (95%CI: 0.658-0.862), 0.603 (95%CI: 0.478-0.729), 0.718 (95%CI: 0.594-0.841) and 0.660 (95%CI: 0.722-0.903), respectively. The optimum cut-off values were temperature 38.7 ℃, WBC 11.3 × 109/L, neutrophil percentage 86.0% and CRP 85.2 mg/L, respectively. The AUC of ROC of four indexed combined was 0.813 (95%CI: 0.722-0.903), which was significantly different compared with WBC and CRP (Z = 2.531, P = 0.011, Z = 2.438, P = 0.015); but there were no significant difference with the AUC of ROC of temperature and neutrophil percentage alone (Z = 1.639, P = 0.101; Z = 1.249, P = 0.212); and resulted in a specificity of 86.7% and a sensitivity of 64.5%. Total of 31 bacteria strains were isolated, among which Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were 20 strains (64.5%) and 11 strains (35.5%), which included Escherichia coli (54.8%) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (16.1%). The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were 100.0%, 82.3% and 88.2%, respectively, and the sensitivity rates to amikacin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam were all 100.0%. The resistance rates of coagulase negative Staphylococci to clindamycin and erythromycin were both 60.0%. The sensitivity rates of coagulase negative Staphylococci to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin were all 80%, and the sensitivity rates to linezolid and vancomycin were both 100%.

Conclusions

Body temperature, WBC, neutrophil percentage and CRP of puerperium patients complicated with bloodstream infection were all significantly increased, and the combined application of the four indexes had a better ability to predict bloodstream infection in puerperium patients than those of single detection of WBC or CRP. Most of the patients were with Gram-negative bacterial infection and serious antibiotic resistance, which should be identified and treated as early as possible.

表1 两组患者的一般资料
表2 两组患者的实验室指标(± s
图1 单指标和多指标联合诊断产褥期血流感染的ROC曲线
表3 炎性指标预测产褥期血流感染的参数
表4 血流感染者血培养病原菌分布
表5 大肠埃希菌对常见抗菌药物的药敏结果[株(%)]
表6 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对常见抗菌药物的药敏结果[株(%)]
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