探讨2016至2019年陕西省渭南市手足口病（HFMD）的流行病学特征和病原谱，为渭南地区HFMD的防控提供依据。

收集渭南市2016年1月至2019年12月HFMD病例资料，应用描述性方法进行流行病学调查分析；同时采集2016年1月至2019年12月渭南市中心医院和妇幼保健院门诊和住院HFMD临床诊断病例咽拭子标本，采用荧光定量PCR方法检测肠道病毒核酸。

2016年1月至2019年12月渭南市共收集HFMD病例25 765例，其中男性14 563例，女性11 202例，男女比为1.30︰1；以小年龄组儿童为主，5岁以下儿童共计24 941例（96.8%）。人群类型以散居儿童为主，共16 670例（64.7%）。2016年1月至2019年12月全年各月均有病例报告，其中2016年共报告7 942例，主要集中于5～7月份和11～12月份，占全年的71.6%；2017年共报告5 556例，集中于4～6月份和10～11月份，占全年的83.0%；2018年共报告6 185例，集中于4～7月份和10～11月份，占全年的69.8%；2019年共报告6 082例，主要集中于5～7月份和10～11月份，占全年的82.2%。渭南市2016年1月至2019年12月实验室确诊病例共6 556例，其中2016年1 675例，主要病原体为人肠道A组71型（EV71），占60.0%（1 004/1 675）；2017年1 656例，主要病原体为EV71，占53.3%（882/1 656）；2018年1 617例，主要病原体为其他肠道病毒（EV），占48.2%（779/1 617）；2019年1 608例，主要病原体为其他EV，占49.2%（791/1 608）。4年重症病例共150例（5.8‰、150/25 765），死亡4例（0.15‰、4/25 765）。不同年份HFMD病例中病原体型别分布差异有统计学意义（χ² = 984.786、P < 0.001）。

渭南市2016至2019年手足口疫情有明显的时间、性别、年龄、人群及地区差异。不同年份HFMD主要病原体不同，提示需加强病原学监测。

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province from January 2016 to December 2019, and to provide basis for the prevention and control of the disease in Weinan.

The data of HFMD cases in Weinan City from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected, and the epidemiological investigation and analysis were carried out by descriptive methods. While throat swab specimens from outpatient and inpatient HFMD clinical diagnosis cases of Weinan Central Hospital and Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. The enterovirus nucleic acid of cases were detected by Fluorescence quantitative PCR.

From January 2016 to December 2019, a total of 25 765 cases with HFMD were collected, among whom, 14 563 were males and 11 202 were females, with a male-to-female ratio as 1.30:1. Most were children in the younger age group, with 24 941 children under 5 years old (96.8%). The population type was mainly scattered children, with 16 670 cases accounting for 64.7%. From January 2016 to December 2019, there were cases reported every month throughout the year. Total of 7 942 cases were reported in 2016, mainly concentrated in May to July and November to December, accounting for 71.6% of the whole year. In 2017, a total of 5 556 cases were reported, concentrated in April to June and October to November, accounting for 83.0% of the whole year. In 2018, a total of 6 185 cases were reported, concentrated in April to July and October to November, accounting for 69.8% of the whole year. In 2019, a total of 6 082 cases were reported, mainly concentrated in May to July and October to November, accounting for 82.2% of the whole year. There were 6 556 laboratory confirmed cases in Weinan City from January 2016 to December 2019, among which 1 675 were in 2016. The main pathogen was enterovirous 71 (EV71), accounting for 60.0% (1 004/1 675); there were 1 656 cases in 2017, the main pathogen was EV71, accounting for 53.3% (882/1 656); there were 1 617 cases in 2018, the main pathogen was other enteroviruses (EVs), accounting for 48.2% (779/1 617); there were 1 608 cases in 2019, the main pathogen was other EVs, accounting for 49.2% (791/1 608). There were 150 severe cases (5.8‰, 150/25 765) and 4 deaths (0.15‰, 4/25 765) in the four years. There was a statistically difference in the distribution of pathogen types among HFMD cases in different years (χ²= 984.786, P < 0.001).

The occurrence of HFMD in Weinan City from January 2016 to December 2019 had significant time, gender, age, population and regional differences. The main pathogens of HFMD were different during the four years, which implies that it is necessary to strengthen the pathogen detection.