To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection antibody typing and the degree and histological changes of gastric mucosa inflammatory lesions.

Clinical data of 162 patients who underwent gastroscopy, tissue biopsy and antibody testing for Helicobacter pylori infection at Suzhou High-tech Zone People’s Hospital from September 2019 to September 2022 were collected. Immunoblotting was used to detect the expression and typing of serum Helicobacter pylori infection antibodies, and the degree of inflammatory lesions and histological changes of gastric mucosa were examined pathologically; the antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with different genders and ages were compared; the degree and histological changes of gastric mucosa inflammatory lesions in patients with different Helicobacter pylori infection antibody typing were compared; The correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection antibody typing, the degree of inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa and histological changes were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.

There was no significant difference in antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with different genders: type Ⅰ (χ² = 0.206, P = 0.650), type Ⅱ (χ² = 0.523, P = 0.469) and the overall positive rate (χ² = 0.956, P = 0.328); There were significant differences in the positive rate of Helicobacter pylori type Ⅰ infection (χ² = 12.988, P = 0.002) and the total positive rate (χ² = 7.694, P = 0.021) among patients of different ages; There were statistically significant differences in the antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection (χ² = 15.589, P < 0.001) and the proportion of type Ⅰ (P < 0.001) among patients with different degrees of gastric mucosal inflammatory lesions. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of toxin-related gene A (CagA), vacuolating toxin gene A (VacA), and CagA + VacA positive rates among Helicobacter pylori type Ⅰ infection (Fisher's exact probability method: P = 0.638, 0.773, 0.311). There were statistically significant differences in the negative antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection (χ² = 11.441, P = 0.003) and the proportion of type Ⅰ (χ² = 17.765, P < 0.001) among patients with different histological and pathological results, but there were no statistically significant differences in CagA, VacA and CagA + VacA (Fisher's exact probability method: P = 0.242, 0.288, 0.786). There was a significant positive correlation between antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection, the degree of inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa and histological changes (r = 0.411, 0.322, 0.808, all P < 0.001).

There were significant correlation between serum antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection and the degree of inflammatory lesions and histological changes of gastric mucosa. Among patients with type Ⅱ Helicobacter pylori infection, the degree of inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa is severe and the histological changes are gastric cancer. Serum antibody typing of Helicobacter pylori infection can be used as an effective indicator to monitor the progress of inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa and the occurrence of gastric cancer.