To investigate on the influencing factors for the occurrence of short-term and long-term complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients who undergoing implant surgery for fractures within the limited timeframe under standardized antiviral therapy during the perioperative period.

Total of 60 HIV infected patients who were diagnosed preoperative in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2018 to June 2021 were selected. Based on the occurrence of postoperative complications, 60 patients were divided into group with complications and group without complications. Basic data of patients and data of perioperative complications were collected, respectively. The influencing factors of complications of implant surgery for fractures within the limited timeframe in HIV infected patients were investigated by binary Logistic regression analysis; the screened high-risk influencing factors between patients with short-term and long-term complications were compared furtherly.

Among the 60 patients, there were 45 cases in non-complication group and 15 cases in group with complications; there were 12 cases had short-term complications and 6 cases had long-term complications, among whom 3 cases had both short-term and long-term complications. The average preoperative CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count of the enrolled patients was 301.5 (158, 424) cells/μl; the average preoperative HIV load was 51 405.5 (100, 429 25) IU/ml, and there were 23 (38.33%) cases with preoperative CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count ≤ 200 cells/μl, 37 cases (61.67%) with preoperative CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count > 200 cells/μl. The fracture site (χ² = 7.214, P = 0.027) and surgical method (χ² = 20.123, P < 0.001) between patients in two groups were both with significant differences. The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, fracture site, ART time, surgical time, bleeding volume, implant type, preoperative CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, preoperative HIV load and preoperative CD4⁺ T lymphocyte grouping were not influencing factors for complications of implant surgery for fractures within the limited timeframe in HIV infected patients (all P > 0.05), but different surgical methods were the influencing factor for postoperative complications (conventional incision: OR = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.000-0.133, P = 0.003; expanded incision: OR = 0.086, 95%CI: 0.008-0.951, P = 0.045). The occurrence of short-term complications (χ² = 11.968, P = 0.003) and long-term complications (χ² = 8.611, P = 0.013) among patients with different surgical methods were with significant differences. The surgical methods between minimally invasive and conventional incisions (χ² = 13.067, P < 0.001), as well as minimally invasive and enlarged incisions (χ² = 4.866, P = 0.027) were statistically significant in patients with short-term complications; the surgical methods between minimally invasive and expanded incisions were statistically significant in patients with long-term complication (χ² = 9.818, P = 0.002).

Preoperative HIV high load and CD4⁺ T lymphocytes ≤ 200 cells/μl were not a contraindication for patients with HIV infection undergoing implant surgery for fractures within the limited timeframe through class Ⅰincision. The surgical procedure with minimally invasive incision had a lower incidence of postoperative complications.