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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06): 378-383. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.06.008

• Short Research Article • Previous Articles    

Clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after chemotherapy and influencing factors for adverse outcomes

Jiajia Liang1, Zhengwen Xie2, Lei Xu3, Guihua Fu1, Zhixiong Fang3, Haiming Zhang3,()   

  1. 1 Department of Oncology I, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
    2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
    3 Public Health Center, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
  • Received:2025-07-15 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-02-12
  • Contact: Haiming Zhang

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after chemotherapy and to identify the influencing factors for adverse outcomes.

Methods

Clinical data of 58 lung cancer patients who developed pulmonary tuberculosis after chemotherapy admitted to Xiangtan Central Hospital from May 2017 to July 2025 were collected, retrospectively, including 18 patients treated with immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICIs) (ICIs group), while the remaining 40 patients were included in non-ICIs group. Patients were categorized into adverse outcome group (27 cases) and favorable outcome group (31 cases) based on treatment outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify influencing factors for adverse treatment outcomes (non-tuberculous death, tuberculous death, treatment failure or loss to follow-up) of lung cancer patients after chemotherapy.

Results

ALC level of patients in ICI group was significantly lower than that of non-ICI group [0.76 (0.62, 1.05)×109/L vs. 1.18 (0.95, 1.52)×109/L: U=168.4, P=0.004], while the levels of NLR [4.7 (3.2, 6.5) vs. 2.8 (2.0, 3.5): U=105.5, P<0.001] and C-reactive protein [32.5 (21.0, 54.8) mg/L vs. 13.5 (8.2, 21.5) mg/L: U=97.6, P=0.001] were significantly higher than those of non-ICI group. Additionally, the proportion of patients with old pulmonary tuberculosis (33.3% vs. 17.5%: χ2=5.010, P=0.028), positive acid-fast sputum smear rate (77.8% vs. 47.5%: χ2=5.660, P=0.017) and positive sputum MTB DNA rate (88.9% vs. 55.0%: χ2=5.100, P=0.024) were significantly higher of patients in ICI group compared with non-ICI group. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ICIs therapy (adjusted OR=8.85, 95%CI: 2.41-32.52, P=0.001) and prior tuberculosis (adjusted OR=4.14, 95%CI: 1.38-12.42, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes of patients with lung cancer complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Although diffused miliary opacities was with significant difference (adjusted OR=7.76, P=0.023), its excessively wide 95%CI (1.32-45.65) and limited number of events (n=5) precluded its establishment as a stable independent risk factor.

Conclusions

ICIs therapy is the strongest independent risk factor for adverse outcomes inpatients with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis, while prior tuberculosis history increases the risk by 4-fold. Patients with diffused miliary opacities on chest imaging should be vigilant for severe tuberculosis, however, the independent predictive value needs to be further verified by large sample study.

Key words: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, Old pulmonary tuberculosis

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