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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06): 409-418. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2021.06.008

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes and core genes of Clostridium difficile

Jinglin Yue1, Mingxi Hua2, Ang Duan2, Pengcheng Du2, Cheng Huo3, Chen Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
    2. Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    3. Pathology Department, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hosptial, Datong 037001, China
  • Received:2021-02-27 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2022-03-16
  • Contact: Chen Chen

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence genes and core genes in Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) genomes, and to identify the molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of C. difficile.

Methods

The core genes and phylogenetic tree of 2 455 C. difficile genomes were analyzed by Prokka and FastTree software. Abricate software and self-developed software were furtherly used to analyze the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes corresponding to different core genomes and molecular types, so as to clarify the relationship between drug resistance genes, virulence genes and genotype.

Results

Based on genomic characteristics, Clade Ⅳ is a newly discovered evolutionary branch. New molecular typings were found in Clade C-Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ, and the occurrence of vancomycin resistance showed evolutionary aggregation. The genomes of clinical strains with high virulence were widely distributed. The comparative analysis of the core genomes showed that the proportion of cell motility related genes in Clade 5 was the smallest.

Conclusions

By analyzing the published genome sequences of C. difficile, the distributive characteristics of antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes and core genes were described, which could provide more basis for better understanding of the bacterium and improvement of clinical treatment strategies.

Key words: Clostridium difficile, Antimicrobial resistance gene, Virulence gene, Core gene

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