To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated with convulsion.

Children of HFMD complicated with convulsion admitted to Xi’an Children’s Hospital from January to December in 2019 were selected. Age, gender, personal history, symptoms, physical signs and clinical outcome of children were collected, respectively, while the anal swabs were collected, and virus samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

In 2019, children of HFMD complicated with convulsion were treated in Xi’an Children’s Hospital, including 34 severe cases and 171 mild cases. After etiological detection, 195 cases (95.1%) were positive for enterovirus nucleic acid, among whom, 124 cases (60.5%) were serotyped CA 6, 7 cases (3.4%) were serotyped EV71, 7 cases (3.4%) were serotyped CA16, 5 cases (2.4%) were serotyped CA10 and 52 cases (25.4%) were with other enteroviruses. Among the 34 severe cases, 23 cases (67.6%) were infected with CA6, 2 cases with EV71 (5.9%) infeciton (one case died after giving up treatment), one case (2.9%) with CA16 infection, other enterovirus infection were found in 4 cases (11.8%) and 2 cases (5.9%) with enterovirus negative. Among the cases with CA6 infection, bullous rash was the main form, desquamation and nail removal may occur in convalescent stage. Among the cases with EV71 infection, the rash was small, thick, hard and few. After stasis shock and symptomatic supportactive treatment, only one case died due to abandoning treatment, and the rest cases were clinically cured and discharged.

CA6 was the main pathogen of HFMD complicated with convulsion in our hospital in 2019. The skin rash of HFMD caused by CA6 was mainly bullae, desquamation and nail removal could occur in convalescent period. Dead cases were still caused by EV71 infection.