To provide better diagnosis and therapy through a retrospective summary of a case of low dose maintenance of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) on relapse of kala-azar.

The clinical data, treatment course and laboratory indexes of the patient were analyzed, retrospectively.

A 60-years-old male, suffered from fever, pancytopenia and splenomegaly six months ago. The patient was diagnosed by kala-azer through bone marrow examination, and improved after treatment of adequate antimonial. The above symptoms occurred after an interval of 5 months. By bone marrow examination, kala-azar was verified again. L-AmB (10 mg at the first day, about 0.15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1; from the second day, the dose gradually increased from 10 mg/d to 40 mg/d, with a low dose of about 0.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 until the recommended dose) was used and effective. The L-AmB was constructed as trapezoidal scheme and then kept with a low dose. The patient improved without relapse in three-month follow-up.

L-AmB constructed as trapezoidal scheme and then kept with a low dose could achieve the etiological cure of kala-azar.