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Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03): 191-197. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2020.03.003

Special Issue:

• Research Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of opportunistic infections of central nervous system in 153 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Zhongtao Wang1, Ronghua Hu2, Yingying Zhou2, Yong Xiong2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi 435000, China
    2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Received:2019-08-27 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-15
  • Contact: Yong Xiong
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Xiong Yong, Email:

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of opportunistic infection (OIs) of central nervous system (CNS) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Methods

The clinical data of 153 patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs were collected from January 2012 to March 2018, the general conditions, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed, respectively. The patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs were divided into death group and survival group according to whether died within half a year. The prognostic factors of these patients were analyzed by multiple factors Logistic regression.

Results

Among the 153 patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs, 73 (47.7%) cases were with Cryptococcus neoformans meningeal, 27 (17.6%) cases with unexplained CNS infection, 14 (9.2%) cases with mixed infectious CNS diseases, 12 (7.8%) cases with CMV neurological diseases, 12 (7.8%) cases with Toxoplasma gondii encephalopathy, 9 (5.9%) cases with tuberculous meningeal (brain) inflammation, 5 (3.3%) cases with neurosyphilis, 1 (0.7%) case with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. After treatment for causes and (or) symptoms, 102 (66.7%) patients were with stable condition and 51 patients died. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed disturbance of consciousness, decreased muscle strength, peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte count < 25 cells/μl, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia were all independent risk factors associated with mortality of AIDS patients complicated with CNS OIs (P = 0.000, 0.014, 0.012, 0.005).

Conclusions

AIDS complicated with CNS OIs had many diagnostic types, great difficulty in diagnosis and treatment, and high mortality. Severe impairment of CNS function, serious immunodeficiency and EBV viremia were independent risk factors associated with mortality. Early screening to identify the above mentioned high-risk patients were needed. Early detection of CNS OIs and timely targeted treatment could reduce the morbidity and mortality of these patients.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Opportunistic infections of central nervous system, Clinical characteristics, prognosis

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