To investigate the trend of nosocomial infection and to evaluate the effect of nosocomial infection control.

Data of patients from November 5th, 2015, November 4th, 2016, October 26th, 2017, in Qinghai Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Hospital were selected randomly, and the present incidence rates of inpatients were investigated by cross-sectional survey. The nosocomial infection status of 1 689 inpatients was analyzed.

From 2015 to 2017, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infection were 2.6% (14/536), 2.3% (12/516) and 2.04% (13/637), respectively; the infection rates were 3.2% (17/536), 2.9% (15/516) and 2.4% (15/637), respectively, with no significant differences (χ²= 0.422,P= 0.810;χ²= 0.760,P= 0.684). The lower respiratory tract was the main respiratory tract infected site, followed by upper respiratory tract and surgical site infection. The antimicrobial use rates were 18.1% (97/536), 14.1% (73/516) and 17.6% (112/637), respectively, and the rates of microbiological detection before anti-infection treatment were 53% (41/76), 54.2% (32/59) and 61.6% (53/86), respectively. The infection rate increased year by year, but there was no significant difference among the influencing factors. The main pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (51.4%), the others were Gram-positive bacteria (28.6%) andfungi(20%).

According to the analysis on prevalence rates, the incidence of nosocomial infection in high altitude area is related to the environment, the particularity of cardiovascular disease and the complexity of operation. To strengthen the management and prevention of nosocomial infection, and increase the rate of sample examination before medication, rational antibiotics application and reduce the rate of combined use of antibiotics are important measures to reduce nosocomial infection.