To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of peramivir in the treatment of children with influenza virus infection.

Total of 300 children admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital who diagnosed with influenza A were divided into peramivir treatment group (150 cases) and oseltamivir treatment group (150 cases) by prospective study method, from June 2016 to January 2017. The fever remission time, symptom relief time and adverse reaction of patients in the two groups were compared after treatment.

The median symptom relief time was 27.9 hours of patients in peramivir group and 42.7 hours of patients in oseltamivir group, with significant difference (t =-18.325,P< 0.001). The median fever remission time were 17.8 hours and 22.3 hours of patients in peramivir treatment group and oseltamivir treatment group, with significant difference (t =-9.365,P< 0.001). No complications occurred in patients of the two groups. The adverse reaction rate was 4% of patients in peramivir group and 7.3% of patients in oseltamivir group, with significant difference (χ²= 1.349,P= 0.246). All adverse reactions were self-mitigating without special treatment.

The use of peramivir for treatment of children with influenza A virus infection could quickly and effectively relieve the symptoms and shorten the duration of fever, with good safety and tolerability.