To compare clinical effects of standard treatment and short term treatment new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with diabetes, and to provide the basis for effective treatment measures.

From January 1997 to January 2007, a total of 1 286 cases with new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with diabetes were selected, according to voluntariness principle, all 1 286 patients were diveded into standard treatment project group (short for observation group) with 724 cases and short term treatment project group (short for control group) with 562 cases. The blood sugar level, sputum negative conversion rate, and X-ray focus absorption improvement at different stages of patients in the two group were analyzed, respectively.

Compared with control group, the levels of FPG and 2 h PG of patients in the observation group significantly decreased at T1-3 time stage, sputum negative conversion rates were 78.31%, 96.54% and 98.76% (χ² = 3.86, 6.64, 6.91; P = 0.049, 0.015, 0.038) and X-ray focus absorption improvement ratas were 23.07%, 55.11% and 95.17%, respectively, all significantly increased (χ²= 12.36, 13.17, 14.25; P = 0.004, 0.001, 0.027).

Standard treatment could improve new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis combined with the levels of blood sugar, sputum negative conversion rate, and X-ray focus absorption improvement of patients with diabetes.