To investigate the misdiagnosis disease of Brucellosis disease and the main causes of misdiagnosis.

The misdiagnosed cases literature on the internet were selected. The general situation, misdiagnosed disease, infection route, diagnosis method, region distribution, prognosis and adverse events were analyzed, among the 42 cases of brucella misdiagnosis respectively.

The ratio of male and female was 3.2︰1 and the average age of the 42 patients was 42.3 years old. The shortest misdiagnosis time was 1 week and the longest was 7 years. The misdiagnosed diseases involved 29 kinds in 8 systems or organizations. There were 38 cases (90.5%) with clear contact, 2 cases (4.8%) without contact and 2 cases (4.8%) not mentioned in statistical results of infection route. The diagnosis ways were 34 cases (80.9%) in serological diagnosis and 8 cases (19.1%) in biological cultivation. The 42 cases distributed in 15 provinces and autonomous regions and involved 11 departments. The total efficiency of clinical outcome was 97.6%. Four cases (9.5%) with adverse events occurred during misdiagnosis.

Brucellosis has an extensive harm and many misdiagnosed diseases, compared with other diseases. The main causes of misdiagnosis were no detailed history-taking, lack of awareness of bacillus disease and excessive reliance on equipment test results.