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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (05) : 333 -340. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2023.05.007

论著

耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌耐药性及联合药敏试验研究
苏爱美, 韦涌涛(), 王东平   
  1. 266100 青岛市,青岛市第八人民医院检验科
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-17 出版日期:2023-10-15
  • 通信作者: 韦涌涛

Resistance and combined drug sensitivity test of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Aimei Su, Yongtao Wei(), Dongping Wang   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2023-06-17 Published:2023-10-15
  • Corresponding author: Yongtao Wei
引用本文:

苏爱美, 韦涌涛, 王东平. 耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌耐药性及联合药敏试验研究[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 333-340.

Aimei Su, Yongtao Wei, Dongping Wang. Resistance and combined drug sensitivity test of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(05): 333-340.

目的

探讨医院耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌(CRE)耐药性,观察两种抗菌药物联合对产KPC、NDM酶的CRE菌株体外敏感性,筛选有效的抗感染治疗方案。

方法

收集2022年1月至12月青岛市第八人民医院临床标本中分离的非重复CRE共37株,采用WHONET 5.6软件统计耐药率,微量肉汤稀释法测定抗菌药物对菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),棋盘法对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(CZA)联合氨曲南(ATM),亚胺培南(IPM)分别联合黏菌素(COL)、替加环素(TGC)、厄他培南(ETP)、头孢他啶(CAZ)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(SCF)、阿米卡星(AK)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)进行联合药敏试验,计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)判定协同率与相加率。

结果

CRE对COL、CZA和TGC的耐药率为0%(0/37)、27.0%(10/37)和35.1%(13/37),对AK和ATM的耐药率为78.4%(29/37)和94.6%(35/37),对头孢曲松(CRO)、CAZ、头孢吡肟(FEP)、环丙沙星(CIP)、LEV、庆大霉素(CN)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(SAM)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(TZP)、SCF、ETP、IPM和美罗培南(MEM)的耐药率均为100%(37/37)。CZA对27株产KPC菌株的MIC均≤ 1 μg/ml,为敏感;对10株产B类金属酶NDM菌株的MIC均> 128 μg/ml,为耐药,联合ATM后协同率为100%(10/10)。IPM + SCF的协同率为75.7%(28/37),协同率与相加率之和均为100%(37/37)。IPM + AK的协同率与相加率最低,为34.4%(10/29)。KPC酶型菌株中,IPM + SCF的协同率为66.7%(18/27),协同率与相加率之和为100%(27/27),IPM + AK的协同率与相加率之和最低,为28.6%(6/21);NDM酶型菌株中,IPM + SCF的协同率为100%(10/10),IPM + AK的协同率与相加率之和最低,为37.5%(3/8)。所有联合方案均无拮抗作用。

结论

CZA单独或联合ATM对CRE菌株有效,IPM + SCF的协同率与相加率之和最高,可作为临床经验用药参考。

Objective

To analyze the drug resistance of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in hospital, and to observe the susceptibility test result in vitro of the combined two drugs to KPC-and NDM-producing CRE to screen effective anti-inflamation therapy.

Methods

Total of 37 non-repetitive CRE strains were isolated from clinical specimens from Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. The drug resistance rate was calculated by whonet 5.6 software. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial agents against CRE strains was determined by micro broth dilution method. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) combined with aztreonam (ATM), as well as imipenem (IPM) respectively combined with colistin (COL), tigecycline (TGC), ertapenem (ETP), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefoperazone/sulbactam (SCF), amikacin (AK), or levofloxacin (LEV) was performed by the chessboard dilution method. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated to determine the synergy rate and additive rate.

Results

The resistance rates of CRE to COL, TGC and CZA were 0 (0/37), 27.0% (10/37) and 35.1% (13/37), the resistance rates to AK and ATM were 78.4% (29/37) and 94.6% (35/37), the resistance rates to Ceftriaxone (CRO), CAZ, cefepime (FEP), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), LEV, gentamicin (CN), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), SCF, ETP, IPM and Meropenem (MEM) were 100% (37/37). The MICs of CZA to 27 KPC-producing strains were ≤ 1 μg/ml (sensitive), and to 10 class B metallo-enzyme NDM-producing strains were > 128 μg/ml (resistant), the synergy rate of CZA was 100% (10/10) after combined with ATM. The synergy rate of IPM combined with SCF was the highest (75.7%, 28/37), and the sum of synergy rate and addition rate was 100% (37/37). The sum of synergy rate and addition rate of IPM combined with AK was the lowest (34.4%, 10/29). Among the KPC enzyme types strains, the synergy rate of IPM combined with SCF was 66.7% (18/27), the sum of synergy rate and addition rate was 100% (27/27). The sum of synergy rate and addition rate of IPM combined with AK was the lowest (28.6%, 6/21). Among the NDM enzyme types strains, the synergy ratesof IPM combined with SCF was 100% (10/10), the sum of synergy rate and addition rate of IPM combined with AK was the lowest (37.5%, 3/8). All combined schemes had no antagonistic effect.

Conclusions

CZA alone or in combination with ATM are effective for CRE strains. IPM and SCF had the highest synergy rate and addition rate, which could provide reference for clinical experienced medication.

表1 37株非重复菌株标本来源
表2 37株CRE对常用抗菌药物的耐药率[株(%)]
表3 37株CRE对常用抗菌药物的MIC值
编号 细菌 酶型 CZA ATM IPM COL TGC ETP CAZ SCF AK LEV
1 KPN KPC 1 > 128 64 1 0.5 16 64 64 128 64
2 KPN KPC 0.5 64 32 0.5 8 8 64 128 64 32
3 ECL NDM > 128 64 8 0.5 1 8 64 64 64 32
4 ECO KPC 1 4 64 1 0.25 16 128 128 64 8
5 KPN KPC 0.25 32 64 0.25 0.5 8 128 256 128 8
6 KPN KPC 1 64 64 1 1 32 64 64 16 64
7 ECO NDM > 128 > 128 16 1 2 4 64 64 128 32
8 ECO NDM > 128 64 8 0.5 8 4 64 64 8 16
9 KPN KPC 0.25 > 128 32 0.25 8 64 64 128 64 16
10 KPN KPC 0.5 > 128 8 0.5 0.5 64 64 64 128 16
11 KOX KPC 0.5 64 64 0.5 1 16 128 128 64 8
12 KPN KPC 1 > 128 128 1 1 > 64 64 64 16 8
13 KPN KPC 1 64 64 1 0.5 32 64 64 128 64
14 KPN KPC 0.125 64 64 0.125 1 64 64 128 4 32
15 KPN KPC 0.125 > 128 128 0.125 16 32 64 64 64 32
16 ECO NDM > 128 2 16 1 8 8 256 64 16 32
17 KPN NDM > 128 > 128 8 1 2 8 128 128 128 16
18 KPN KPC 0.125 64 64 0.5 0.5 16 128 128 64 16
19 ECL NDM > 128 > 128 8 0.5 8 8 256 64 64 8
20 KPN KPC 0.125 > 128 64 0.125 8 8 128 128 128 32
21 ECL NDM > 128 > 128 8 2 0.5 4 128 128 256 16
22 KPN KPC 0.125 > 128 128 0.125 1 32 64 64 64 16
23 KPN KPC 0.5 > 128 8 0.5 0.5 32 64 64 64 32
24 ECO KPC 1 64 64 0.06 1 16 128 128 128 16
25 KPN KPC 1 > 128 128 1 1 > 64 128 64 64 32
26 KPN KPC 2 > 128 16 1 0.5 32 128 128 16 16
27 ECO NDM > 128 > 128 16 0.25 8 8 128 64 64 16
28 KPN KPC 1 > 128 128 1 2 > 64 256 256 64 8
29 CFR NDM > 128 32 16 1 8 8 128 128 128 8
30 KPN KPC 2 > 128 32 0.5 2 32 128 128 16 64
31 KPN KPC 2 > 128 16 0.25 0.5 32 128 64 128 32
32 KOX KPC 2 > 128 128 0.5 8 > 64 256 256 128 32
33 KOX KPC 2 > 128 32 0.5 16 32 128 128 64 32
34 KPN KPC 1 32 32 0.5 1 32 128 128 128 16
35 KPN KPC 0.5 > 128 128 0.06 1 > 64 64 64 64 16
36 CFR NDM > 128 > 128 16 1 16 8 128 64 64 4
37 KPN KPC 1 > 128 128 1 8 > 64 128 64 16 4
表4 8种联合方案对37株CRE菌株协同、相加、无关以及拮抗作用
表5 8种联合方案在27株KPC酶型菌株中协同率、相加率、无关率和拮抗率
表6 8种联合方案在10株NDM酶型菌株中协同率、相加率、无关率和拮抗率
表7 8种联合方案在KPC菌株中协同率与相加率
表8 8种联合方案在NDM菌株中协同率与相加率
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