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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2019, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03) : 227 -233. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2019.03.010

所属专题: 文献

论著

2007年至2018年某传染病医院医护人员血源性职业暴露状况分析与管理策略
张海霞1,(), 林兆霞2, 张志云1, 何明3, 万钢4   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院护理部
    2. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院肝病三科
    3. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院院感科
    4. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院病案统计科
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-22 出版日期:2019-06-15
  • 通信作者: 张海霞
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院院内科研基金"智库计划"项目(No. DTZK201802)

Analysis and management strategy of blood-derived occupational exposure in medical staff of a hospital of infectious diseases from 2007 to 2018

Haixia Zhang1,(), Zhaoxia Lin2, Zhiyun Zhang1, Ming He3, Gang Wan4   

  1. 1. Nursing Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    2. Hepatology Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    3. Infection Control Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
    4. Medical Record Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2018-10-22 Published:2019-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Haixia Zhang
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zhang Haixia, Email:
引用本文:

张海霞, 林兆霞, 张志云, 何明, 万钢. 2007年至2018年某传染病医院医护人员血源性职业暴露状况分析与管理策略[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(03): 227-233.

Haixia Zhang, Zhaoxia Lin, Zhiyun Zhang, Ming He, Gang Wan. Analysis and management strategy of blood-derived occupational exposure in medical staff of a hospital of infectious diseases from 2007 to 2018[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2019, 13(03): 227-233.

目的

分析2007年至2018年某传染病专科医院医护人员血源性职业暴露状况的队列资料,并总结医护人员血源性职业暴露发生特点及趋势。

方法

利用首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2007年1月至2018年12月医护人员职业暴露登记数据,对399例医护人员血源性职业暴露的队列进行分析。

结果

暴露人数与暴露率总体呈下降趋势[17(1.88%)];暴露部位以锐器伤与黏膜接触暴露为主[288(72.18%)和82(20.55%)];暴露部位以手指为主[305(76.44%)];黏膜暴露以眼部为主[82(20.55%)];暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)暴露为主[203(50.88%)]。医生和护士的暴露方式(χ2 = 26.59、P < 0.001)、暴露部位(χ2 = 12.00、P = 0.002)、HBV(χ2 = 17.90、P < 0.001)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)(χ2 = 4.18、P = 0.041)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)(χ2 = 8.31、P = 0.004)暴露源种类差异均有统计学意义;其中护士锐器伤暴露率显著高医生[218(79.56%) vs. 70(56.00%)(χ2 = 23.73、P < 0.001)。卡方检验显示,不同年龄段医护人员暴露方式(χ2 = 27.88、P < 0.001)、暴露部位(χ2 = 0.00、P = 0.008)及暴露源HBV(χ2 = 14.84、P = 0.005)、HIV(χ2 = 8.47、P = 0.076)、梅毒螺旋体(χ2 = 0.000、P = 0.016)和狂犬病毒(χ2 = 0.02、P = 0.047)差异均有统计学意义。399例暴露者均于暴露后1、2、3和6个月接受随访监测,无1例发生暴露后感染。

结论

随着职业暴露防护政策的加强,暴露率总体呈下降趋势,但锐器伤仍是导致医护人员发生职业暴露的主要因素,推广安全针的使用、规范操作行为、落实标准预防可有效地降低职业暴露的发生;完善的职业暴露管理体系可提高职业暴露预防的成功率。

Objective

To investigate the status of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff in a hospital of infectious diseases from 2007 to 2018, and to summarize the characteristics and trends of blood-derived occupational exposure of medical personnel.

Methods

According to the data of occupational exposure of medical staff in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Unversity from January 2007 to December 2018, the cohort of 399 medical staff with blood-derived occupational exposure were analyzed.

Results

The number of exposure and the rate of exposure showed a downward trend [17 (1.88%)]. The exposure sites were mainly exposed to sharp instrument injury and mucous membrane contact [288 (72.18%) and 82 (20.55%)]. The exposure site was more in the finger [305 (76.44%)]. The mucous membrane exposure was mainly in the eye [82 (20.55%)]; and the main source of exposure was hepatitis B virus (HBV) [203 (50.88%)]. There were significant differences in the types of exposure sources between doctors and nurses, which were exposure mode (χ2 = 26.59, P < 0.001), exposure sites (χ2 = 12.00, P = 0.002), HBV (χ2 = 17.90, P < 0.001), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (χ2 = 4.18, P = 0.041) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (χ2 = 8.31, P = 0.004). The exposure rate of sharp instrument injury in nurses was significantly higher than that of doctors [218 (79.56%) vs. 70 (56.00%) ], with significant differences (χ2 = 23.73, P < 0.001). The results of chi-square test showed that the exposure mode (χ2 = 27.88, P < 0.001), exposure site (χ2 = 0.00, P = 0.008), original HBV (χ2 = 14.84, P = 0.005), HIV (χ2 = 8.47, P = 0.076), Treponema pallidum (χ2 = 0.00, P = 0.016) and rabies virus (χ2 = 0.02, P = 0.02) were significantly different in different age groups. All the 399 exposed patients were followed up for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after exposure, and no post-exposure infection occurred.

Conclusions

With the strengthening of occupational exposure protection policy, the exposure rate shows a downward trend, but sharp instrument injury is still the main factor leading to occupational exposure of medical and nursing staff. Popularizing the use of safe needle, standardizing operation behavior, implementing standard prevention could effectively reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure, and perfect occupational exposure management could improve the success rate of occupational exposure prevention.

图1 2007年至2018年本院医生及护士血源性职业暴露发生率
表1 2007年至2018年医护人员的血源性职业暴露发生率
表2 2007年至2008本院医护人员血源性职业暴露的特征[例(%)]
表3 不同年龄组医护人员血源性职业暴露率[例(%)]
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