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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2017, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (05) : 468 -473. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2017.05.009

临床论著

医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露认知及防护行为分析
李静1,()   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院产科
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-08 出版日期:2017-10-15
  • 通信作者: 李静

Recognition and protection of medical personnel occupation exposure to blood borne pathogens

Jing Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2016-11-08 Published:2017-10-15
  • Corresponding author: Jing Li
引用本文:

李静. 医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露认知及防护行为分析[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2017, 11(05): 468-473.

Jing Li. Recognition and protection of medical personnel occupation exposure to blood borne pathogens[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2017, 11(05): 468-473.

目的

分析某三级甲等传染病医院医护人员血源性职业暴露的情况以及不同医护人员对血源性职业暴露相关知识和防护行为的差异,为探索该院职业防护与安全的全面控制模式提供参考依据。

方法

通过制定问卷对该院职业暴露防护认知及暴露管理进行调查分析,本阶段采用随机抽样的方法,选取该院210名在院医护人员为问卷的调查对象,共回收有效问卷196份。问卷由医护人员的人口社会学资料、血源性职业暴露认知状况、医院职业暴露管理行为,个人职业暴露状况及职业防护行为等部分组成。

结果

医护人员对血源性职业暴露认知的平均得分为8.11分;总体认知较好,不同科室、不同职称、不同年龄组、不同性别医护人员对职业暴露管理认知得分差异具有统计学意义(P均< 0.05),但不同学历和工龄间职业暴露管理认知得分差异无统计学意义。该院医护人员未接种乙肝疫苗的比例仍有10.20%,对患者是否携带病原微生物表示不关心或从未考虑的比例为14.80%。89.00%的医务人员暴露后紧急处理比较规范,97名发生过职业暴露的医护人员中80.41%(78例)的医护人员及时上报,并坚持暴露后的监测与随访。

结论

该院的职业防护认知和在职业暴露发生后的应急处理和上报情况较好,但仍需继续提高医院感染管理能力和医护人员的防范意识。

Objective

To investigate the case of a tertiary level hospital staff infectious blood borne occupational exposure, the differences related knowledge and protective behaviors of the different hospital staff blood borne occupational exposure, and to provide a reference for the overall control mode of exploring the hospital occupational protection and safety.

Methods

Exposure of the hospital management were investigated by taking a questionnaire occupational exposure protection awareness. At this stage, 210 medical staff in the hospital was collected by random sampling for the questionnaire survey, while 196 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire were composed of the medical staff’s population sociology data, the occupational exposure cognitive status of the blood source, occupational exposure management behavior of the hospital, occupational exposure status and occupational protection behavior.

Results

The average score of health care workers’ exposure to blood source occupational exposure was 8.11 points. Better overall cognitive, different departments, different titles, different age groups and gender on the medical staff occupational exposure management cognitive, with significant differences (all P < 0.05), but different education levels and working-age cognitive between occupational exposure management had no significant differences. However, there was no significant difference between different academic degrees and occupational exposure management. The proportion of medical staff in the hospital who were not vaccinated against hepatitis B was still 10.20%, and 14.80% were not concerned about or had never been considered. There were 89.00% of the medical personnel compares a standard exposure after emergency treatment, 97 medical staff occupational exposure were 80.41% (78 cases) of medical staff report in a timely manner, and insist on monitoring and follow-up after exposure.

Conclusions

The professional protection cognition of the hospital and the emergency treatment and report after occupational exposure have been better, but still need to continue to improve the hospital infection management ability and health care personnel’s awareness of prevention.

表1 196例调查研究对象的人口社会学情况
表2 不同分类医务人员血源性职业暴露防护知识
因素 人数 总分 理论认知得分 管理认知得分
性别        
  31 7.96 ± 1.32 6.25 ± 1.00 1.72 ± 0.84
  165 8.61 ± 1.50 6.29 ± 1.24 2.32 ± 0.75
t   6.04 0.04 14.11
P   0.12 0.05 < 0.001
年龄(岁)        
  < 25 27 8.22 ± 1.25 6.59 ± 0.89 1.63 ± 0.93
  25~34 115 8.19 ± 1.45 6.21 ± 1.13 1.97 ± 0.84
  ≥ 35 54 7.71 ± 1.27 6.15 ± 0.95 1.56 ± 0.82
F   2.22 1.73 4.74
P   0.11 0.18 0.01
岗位类别        
  医生组 59 8.39 ± 1.31 6.34 ± 0.73 2.10 ± 0.78
  护理组 137 8.01 ± 1.24 6.33 ± 0.91 1.69 ± 0.86
t   1.91 0.08 3.20
P   0.06 0.20 0.02
科室        
  内科 100 8.16 ± 1.53 6.13 ± 1.24 2.03 ± 0.76
  外科 38 8.08 ± 1.24 6.45 ± 0.86 1.63 ± 0.99
  专科 46 8.04 ± 1.10 6.50 ± 0.66 1.63 ± 0.83
  门急诊 12 7.33 ± 1.16 6.17 ± 0.72 1.17 ± 0.72
F   1.32 1.77 6.15
P   0.27 0.12 < 0.001
职称        
  住院医师 25 8.44 ± 1.56 6.16 ± 1.18 2.28 ± 0.84
  主治医师 22 8.41 ± 1.22 6.41 ± 0.85 2.00 ± 0.82
  副主任医师及以上 12 8.25 ± 0.97 6.33 ± 0.78 1.92 ± 0.52
  护士 45 8.02 ± 1.37 6.36 ± 1.13 1.67 ± 0.91
  护师 64 8.13 ± 1.27 6.31 ± 1.23 1.81 ± 0.85
  主管或以上 28 7.32 ± 1.47 5.89 ± 1.23 1.43 ± 0.74
F   2.48 0.95 3.33
P   0.03 0.54 < 0.001
工龄(年)        
  < 3 54 8.55 ± 1.28 6.73 ± 0.76 1.82 ± 0.98
  3~10 84 8.07 ± 1.32 6.19 ± 1.08 1.88 ± 0.85
  > 10 79 7.85 ± 1.42 6.12 ± 1.05 1.73 ± 0.88
F   3.01 4.30 0.64
P   0.05 0.03 0.53
学历        
  中专 7 8.86 ± 1.35 6.86 ± 0.69 2.00 ± 0.85
  大专 53 7.83 ± 1.11 6.25 ± 0.81 1.58 ± 0.91
  本科 92 8.03 ± 1.46 6.18 ± 1.23 1.85 ± 0.80
  研究生及以上 44 8.30 ± 1.41 6.32 ± 0.88 1.98 ± 0.88
F   1.76 0.98 1.99
P   0.16 0.30 0.12
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