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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2020, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03) : 191 -197. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2020.03.003

所属专题: 经典病例 经典病例 文献

论著

153例获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者并发中枢神经系统机会性感染的临床特征和预后影响因素
王中涛1, 胡荣华2, 周莹莹2, 熊勇2,()   
  1. 1. 435000 黄石市,鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院(湖北理工学院附属医院)感染科
    2. 430071 武汉市,武汉大学中南医院感染科
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-27 出版日期:2020-06-15
  • 通信作者: 熊勇
  • 基金资助:
    武汉大学医学腾飞计划(No. TFJC2018002)

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of opportunistic infections of central nervous system in 153 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Zhongtao Wang1, Ronghua Hu2, Yingying Zhou2, Yong Xiong2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi 435000, China
    2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Received:2019-08-27 Published:2020-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Yong Xiong
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Xiong Yong, Email:
引用本文:

王中涛, 胡荣华, 周莹莹, 熊勇. 153例获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者并发中枢神经系统机会性感染的临床特征和预后影响因素[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(03): 191-197.

Zhongtao Wang, Ronghua Hu, Yingying Zhou, Yong Xiong. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of opportunistic infections of central nervous system in 153 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2020, 14(03): 191-197.

目的

分析获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者并发中枢神经系统(CNS)机会性感染(OIs)的临床特点和预后影响因素。

方法

收集2012年1月至2018年3月于武汉大学中南医院住院的153例临床诊断为AIDS并发CNS OIs患者的一般情况、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断、治疗以及预后等。随访半年,根据半年内患者是否死亡分为死亡组和生存组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析AIDS并发CNS OIs患者预后影响因素。

结果

153例AIDS并发CNS OIs患者疾病诊断依次为新型隐球菌脑膜(脑)炎73例(47.7%),不明原因CNS感染27例(17.6%),混合感染性CNS疾病14例(9.2%),CMV性神经系统疾病12例(7.8%),弓形虫脑病12例(7.8%),结核性脑膜(脑)炎9例(5.9%),神经梅毒5例(3.3%),单纯疱疹病毒性脑膜脑炎1例(0.7%)。经对因和(或)对症治疗后,102例(66.7%)患者病情稳定,51例(33.3%)患者死亡。多因素Logistic回归分析显示意识障碍、肌力下降、外周血CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数< 25个/μl、并发EB病毒(EBV)血症均为AIDS并发CNS OIs患者死亡的独立危险因素(P = 0.000、0.014、0.012、0.005)。

结论

AIDS并发CNS OIs的疾病诊断种类较多、诊疗难度大,且病死率高。CNS功能严重受损、免疫功能严重缺陷、并发EBV血症是AIDS并发CNS OIs患者死亡的主要危险因素。临床上需对上述高危患者进行早期筛查,早期发现CNS OIs并及时针对治疗可降低其发病率和病死率。

Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of opportunistic infection (OIs) of central nervous system (CNS) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Methods

The clinical data of 153 patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs were collected from January 2012 to March 2018, the general conditions, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed, respectively. The patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs were divided into death group and survival group according to whether died within half a year. The prognostic factors of these patients were analyzed by multiple factors Logistic regression.

Results

Among the 153 patients with AIDS complicated with CNS OIs, 73 (47.7%) cases were with Cryptococcus neoformans meningeal, 27 (17.6%) cases with unexplained CNS infection, 14 (9.2%) cases with mixed infectious CNS diseases, 12 (7.8%) cases with CMV neurological diseases, 12 (7.8%) cases with Toxoplasma gondii encephalopathy, 9 (5.9%) cases with tuberculous meningeal (brain) inflammation, 5 (3.3%) cases with neurosyphilis, 1 (0.7%) case with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. After treatment for causes and (or) symptoms, 102 (66.7%) patients were with stable condition and 51 patients died. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed disturbance of consciousness, decreased muscle strength, peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte count < 25 cells/μl, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia were all independent risk factors associated with mortality of AIDS patients complicated with CNS OIs (P = 0.000, 0.014, 0.012, 0.005).

Conclusions

AIDS complicated with CNS OIs had many diagnostic types, great difficulty in diagnosis and treatment, and high mortality. Severe impairment of CNS function, serious immunodeficiency and EBV viremia were independent risk factors associated with mortality. Early screening to identify the above mentioned high-risk patients were needed. Early detection of CNS OIs and timely targeted treatment could reduce the morbidity and mortality of these patients.

表1 153例AIDS并发CNS OIs患者的主要临床表现[例(%)]
临床诊断 例数 发热 头痛 呕吐 意识障碍 大小便失禁 肌力下降 感觉异常 脑膜刺激征 巴宾斯基征
CM 73 63(86.3) 63(86.3) 41(56.2) 21(28.8) 4(5.5) 9(12.3) 2(2.7) 41(56.2) 1(1.4)
不明原因CNS感染 27 15(55.6) 14(51.9) 10(37.0) 13(48.1) 14(51.9) 3(11.1) 8(29.6) 4(14.8)
CMV性神经系统疾病 12 10(41.7) 6(25.0) 5(41.7) 3(25.0) 4(33.3) 9(75.0) 4(33.3) 5(41.7) 2(16.7)
TE 12 6(50.0) 11(91.7) 3(25.0) 2(16.7) 4(33.3) 2(16.7) 2(16.7)
TBM 9 9(100.0) 7(77.8) 4(44.4) 4(44.4) 1(11.1) 1(11.1) 5(55.6)
神经梅毒 5 2(40.0) 4(80.0) 2(40.0) 1(20.0) 1(20.0)
脑膜脑炎(隐球菌+ MTB) 3 3(100.0) 3(100.0) 1(33.3) 1(33.3) 1(33.3)
脑膜脑炎(CMV +隐球菌) 3 3(100.0) 3(100.0) 2(66.7) 1(33.3) 1(33.3)
脑膜脑炎(CMV + MTB) 3 3(100.0) 3(100.0) 2(66.7) 3(100.0)
脊髓炎、脑膜炎(CMV +隐球菌) 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
脑膜脑炎(CMV + TP) 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
脑炎(CMV +弓形虫) 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
脑膜脑炎(隐球菌+弓形虫) 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
脑膜脑炎(隐球菌+ TP) 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
HSV性脑膜脑炎 1 1(100.0) 1(100.0) 1(100.0)
合计 153 119(77.8) 116(75.8) 68(44.4) 47(30.7) 9(5.9) 43(28.1) 13(8.5) 68(44.4) 8(5.2)
图1 AIDS并发不同CNS OIs患者的CD4+ T细胞中位数(个/μl)
表2 153例CNS OIs患者的影像学检查异常
表3 153例AIDS并发CNS OIs患者的诊疗及转归[例(%)]
表4 153例AIDS并发CNS OIs患者死亡的单因素分析
相关因素 死亡组(51例) 生存组a(102例) 统计量 P
年龄( ± s,岁) 41.4 ± 12.5 39.9 ± 11.0 t = 0.723 0.471
男性[例(%)] 40(78.4) 83(81.4) χ2 = 0.187 0.666
感染途径[例(%)] ? ? χ2 = 1.535 0.674
? 性传播 42(82.4) 87(85.3) ? ?
? 血液传播 4(7.8) 4(3.9) ? ?
? 母婴传播 0(0.0) 1(1.0) ? ?
? 不明 5(9.8) 10(9.8) ? ?
意识障碍[例(%)] 27(52.9) 20(19.6) χ2 = 17.751 < 0.001
发热[例(%)] 38(74.5) 81(79.4) χ2 = 0.473 0.492
头痛[例(%)] 36(70.6) 80(78.4) χ2 = 1.141 0.285
呕吐[例(%)] 25(49.0) 43(42.2) χ2 = 0.649 0.421
听力下降[例(%)] 0(0.0) 3(2.9) χ2 = 1.530 0.551
视力下降[例(%)] 9(17.7) 18(17.7) χ2 = 0.000 1.000
记忆力下降[例(%)] 2(3.9) 4(3.9) χ2 = 0.000 1.000
语言障碍[例(%)] 9(17.7) 8(15.7) χ2 = 3.309 0.069
抽搐[例(%)] 8(15.7) 6(5.9) χ2 = 3.391 0.071
肌力下降[例(%)] 21(41.2) 22(21.6) χ2 = 6.469 0.011
感觉异常[例(%)] 4(7.8) 9(8.8) χ2 = 0.042 1.000
大小便失禁[例(%)] 5(9.8) 4(3.9) χ2 = 2.125 0.161
脑膜刺激征[例(%)] 28(54.9) 40(39.2) χ2 = 3.388 0.066
巴宾斯基征[例(%)] 6(11.8) 2(2.0) χ2 = 6.595 0.017
CSF白细胞计数≤ 10个/μl [例(%)] 31(60.8) 35(34.3) χ2 = 9.712 0.002
外周血CD4+ T细胞计数< 25个/μl [例(%)] 34(66.7) 42(41.2) χ2 = 8.837 0.003
首发患者[例(%)]b 33(64.7) 62(60.8) χ2 = 0.222 0.637
ART [例(%)] 24(47.1) 101(99.0) χ2 = 65.571 < 0.001
并发神经系统外机会性感染[例(%)] ? ? ? ?
? 细菌性肺炎 1(41.2) 43(42.2) χ2 = 0.013 0.908
? 结核病 12(23.5) 27(26.5) χ2 = 0.155 0.694
? 口腔和(或)食管真菌感染 18(35.3) 39(38.2) χ2 = 0.126 0.723
? 马尔尼菲青霉菌病 3(5.9) 2(2.0) χ2 = 1.654 0.334
? PCP 3(5.9) 10(9.8) χ2 = 0.673 0.546
? 活动性CMV感染c 10(19.6) 30(29.4) χ2 = 1.692 0.193
? EBV血症d 6(11.8) 2(2.0) χ2 = 6.595 0.017
? 败血症 11(21.6) 14(13.7) χ2 = 1.530 0.216
抗EBV治疗[例(%)]e 2(3.9) 1(1.0) χ2 = 1.530 0.258
住院时间[M(Q),d]f 7.0(16.0) 26.0(19.0) U = 4 030.000 < 0.001
表5 153例AIDS并发CNS OIs患者死亡的多因素Logistic回归分析
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