获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）已经成为我国重大的公共卫生问题之一。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者进行手术治疗时，一方面医务人员职业暴露感染HIV的风险高，另一方面患者免疫功能受损，机会性感染及术后并发症风险增加，手术治疗具有特殊性，以上均与HIV感染者病毒载量有关，因此围手术期抗病毒治疗至关重要，为规范HIV感染者围手术期抗病毒治疗，中国性病艾滋病防治协会学术委员会外科学组和中华医学会热带病与寄生虫学分会外科学组于2019年制定了中国人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者围手术期抗病毒治疗专家共识（第一版）（以下简称共识）。本次专家共识是基于近几年最新研究进展，对2019年第一版共识进行修订。主要体现在手术风险评估、围手术期抗病毒方案的选择、机会性感染的预防等方面，尤其强调术前快速降病毒载量和重建患者免疫功能。本专家共识将根据最新的临床研究证据定期进行更新。

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become an important public health problem in China. During the surgical treatment of HIV infected patients, on the one hand, the patients have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the medical staff have high risk of occupational exposure, on the other hand, the patients’ immune function is impaired, the risk of opportunistic infection and postoperative complications increased, so the surgical treatment is special, which is related to the viral load of HIV infected patients, so the perioperative antiviral treatment is very important. In order to standardize the perioperative antiviral treatment, the Surgical Group of Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control and Surgical Group of Tropical Disease and Parasitology Branch of Chinese Medical Association formulated the first edition of the expert consensus on the perioperative antiviral treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection in China in 2019. This expert consensus revised the first edition of the consensus in 2019 based on the latest research progress. It is mainly focused on the surgical risk assessment, the selection of perioperative antiviral regimen, and the prevention of opportunistic infection, with special emphasis on rapid preoperative viral load reduction and reconstruction of the patient’s immune function. This expert consensus will be regularly updated based on the latest evidence from clinical studies.