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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2020, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (05) : 386 -393. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2020.05.006

所属专题: 文献

论著

近平滑假丝酵母菌晚发型败血症早产儿的临床特点
张雨1, 曾慧慧1,()   
  1. 1. 100026 北京,首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院新生儿科
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-19 出版日期:2020-10-20
  • 通信作者: 曾慧慧
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院中青年学科骨干培养专项(No. FCYY201722); 北京市医院管理局儿科学科协同发展中心儿科专项(No. TYB201815)

Clinical characteristics of late-onset septicemia caused by Candida parapsilosis septicemia in preterm neonates

Yu Zhang1, Huihui Zeng1,()   

  1. 1. Neonatal Department, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
  • Received:2020-06-19 Published:2020-10-20
  • Corresponding author: Huihui Zeng
引用本文:

张雨, 曾慧慧. 近平滑假丝酵母菌晚发型败血症早产儿的临床特点[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(05): 386-393.

Yu Zhang, Huihui Zeng. Clinical characteristics of late-onset septicemia caused by Candida parapsilosis septicemia in preterm neonates[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2020, 14(05): 386-393.

目的

探讨新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)收治的近平滑假丝酵母菌晚发型败血症(CPLOS)早产儿的临床特点。

方法

将2014年2月至2019年2月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院NICU收治的19例确诊为CPLOS早产儿为观察对象(CPLOS组);选择胎龄、出生体重、性别相匹配的19例实验室确诊为晚发型细菌败血症(BLOS)早产儿为对照(BLOS组)。回顾性分析两组早产儿的一般资料、围生期因素、临床特征以及感染相关的实验室指标,分析CPLOS和BLOS的易感因素。

结果

CPLOS早产儿平均胎龄为(30.21 ± 2.66)周,出生体质量1 250(1 133,1 408)g。与BLOS组相比,CPLOS组早产儿住院时间较短[20(13,29)d vs. 29(21,42)d,Z =-2.032、P = 0.021],血小板减少(< 100 × 109/L)发生率较高[52.6%(10/19) vs. 15.79%(3/19),χ2 = 5.729、P = 0.021],合并脑炎发生率较低[10.53%(2/19) vs. 42.11%(8/19),χ2 = 4.886、P = 0.027],差异均有统计学意义。CPLOS组早产儿100%(19/19)对氟康唑及两性霉素B敏感;氟康唑中位治疗时间为28 d,两性霉素中位治疗时间为12 d,使用此两种抗真菌药物后均无不良反应。与BLOS组早产儿相比,CPLOS组早产儿胎膜早破发生率较高[47.37%(9/19)vs. 0%(0/19)],差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 15.360、P = 0.001);发生感染前应用头孢吡肟患儿占比较高[73.68%(14/19)vs. 31.58%(6/19)],差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 6.756、P = 0.009),应用青霉素钠天数较长[16(13,22)d vs. 1(1,13)d,Z =-2.825、P = 0.003];发生感染前脐静脉置管时间较长,差异有统计学意义[11(6,13)d vs. 7(2,11)d,Z =-2.042、P = 0.042)。

结论

与BLOS早产儿相比,CPLOS早产儿感染发生较早,不易发生血小板减少和合并脑炎,对氟康唑敏感。感染前长时间脐静脉置管和青霉素钠静脉滴注、使用头孢吡肟等限制类抗菌药物的早产儿相对易发生CPLOS。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of late-onset septicemia caused by Candida parapsilosis (CPLOS) in preterm neonates in NICU.

Methods

From February 2014 to February 2019, 19 preterm neonates diagnosed as CPLOS in NICU of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected as observation group, and 19 preterm neonates with laboratory diagnosis of late-onset bacterial septicemia (BLOS) and with the same gestational age, birth weight and gender were selected as control group. The clinical data of the two groups were analyzed, retrospectively, including neonatal baseline, perinatal factors, clinical manifestations and infection related indicators. CPLOS and BLOS susceptibility factors were analyzed.

Results

The mean gestational ages and birth weights of premature neonates with CPLOS were (30.21 ± 2.66) weeks and [1 250 (1 133, 1 408)] g, respectively. Compared with BLOS group, the hospitalization time of cases in CPLOS group was significantly shorter [20 (13, 29) d vs. 29 (21, 42) d; Z =-2.032, P = 0.021], the incidence of thrombocytopenia (< 100 × 109/L) was significantly higher [52.63% (10/19) vs. 15.79% (3/19); χ2 = 5.729, P = 0.021], but the incidence of encephalitis was significantly lower [10.53% (2/19) vs. 42.11% (8/19); χ2 = 4.886, P = 0.027], all with significant differences. All 19 (100%) preterm neonates were sensitive to fluconazole and amphotericin B. The median treatment time of fluconazole and amphotericin were 28 days and 12 days, respectively. There were no adverse reactions related to anti-fungal therapy. Compared with preterm neonates with BLOS, the incidence of premature rupture of membranes was significantly higher [47.37% (9/19) vs. 0% (0/19); χ2 = 15.360, P = 0.001], the proportion of cefepime application was significantly higher [ (73.68% (14/19) vs. 31.58% (6/19); χ2 = 6.756, P = 0.009], the days of penicillin sodium application was significantly longer [16 (13, 22) d vs. 1 (1, 13) d; Z =-2.825, P = 0.003], and the catheterization time of umbilical vein was significantly longer [11 (6, 13) d vs. 7 (2, 11) d; Z =-2.042, P = 0.042] in preterm neonates with CPLOS before infection.

Conclusions

Compared with preterm neonates with BLOS, preterm neonates with CPLOS had different clinical characteristics, including earlier infection, less incidences of thrombocytopenia and encephalitis. Preterm neonates with CPLOS were sensitive to fluconazole. Preterm neonates with long-term umbilical vein catheterization, intravenous infusion of penicillin sodium, and with application of cefepime and other restricted antibiotics before infection, were more likely to develop to CPLOS.

表1 CPLOS组和BLOS组患儿的一般资料及围生期因素
表2 CPLOS组和BLOS组患儿的临床表现[例(%)]
表3 CPLOS组和BLOS组患儿感染相关实验室指标
表4 CPLOS和BLOS的易感因素
影响因素 CPLOS组(19例) BLOS组(19例) 统计量 P
胎龄[例(%)]        
  < 28周 3(15.79) 5(26.32) χ2 = 0.056 0.812
  28~31周 11(57.89) 11(57.89) χ2 = 0.000 1.000
  32~36周 5(26.32) 3(15.79) χ2 = 0.158 0.691
体重[例(%)]        
  < 1 000 g 2(10.53) 6(31.58) χ2 = 1.425 0.233
  1 000~1 500 g 14(73.68) 9(47.37) χ2 = 2.754 0.097
  1 501~2 500 g 3(15.79) 3(15.79) χ2 = 0.000 1.000
  > 2 500 g 0(0.00) 1(5.26) χ2 = 0.000 1.000
感染前住院天数[M(P25,P75),d] 20(13,29) 29(21,42) Z = 2.032 0.021
置管天数[M(P25,P75),d]        
  脐静脉置管 11(6,13) 7(2,11) Z =-2.042 0.042
  外周中心静脉置管 21(11,28) 19(17,34) Z =-0.609 0.562
  机械通气 6(2,18) 26(11,39) Z =-1.928 0.057
感染前抗菌药物使用[例(%)]        
  美罗培南 10(52.63) 12(63.16) χ2 = 0.432 0.511
  头孢吡肟 14(73.68) 6(31.58) χ2 = 6.756 0.009
  拉氧头孢 3(15.79) 2(10.53) χ2 = 2.815 0.093
  青霉素钠 14(73.68) 8(42.11) χ2 = 3.886 0.049
  氟康唑 9(47.37) 10(52.63) χ2 = 0.105 0.746
感染前使用抗菌药物天数[M(P25,P75),d]        
  美罗培南 6(4,12) 16(5,24) Z =-1.485 0.140
  头孢吡肟 15.00(8.75,21.50) 10.00(5.75,15.25) Z =-1.280 0.207
  拉氧头孢 2(1,9) 7(6,8) Z =-0.577 0.800
  青霉素钠 16(13,22) 1(1,13) Z =-2.825 0.003
  氟康唑 3(2,6) 5(2,8) Z =-0.536 0.604
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