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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 155 -166. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2026.03.004

论著

CXC趋化因子受体3及其配体表达水平与肺结核患者临床特征及病变程度的相关性
刘美1, 杨永辉2, 朱桂云1, 马伟立3, 韩云霄4,()   
  1. 1 050000 石家庄市,河北省胸科医院、河北省肺病重点实验室病理科
    2 050000 石家庄市,河北省儿童医院党政综合办公室
    3 050000 石家庄市,河北省胸科医院、河北省肺病重点实验室感染性疾病实验诊断中心
    4 050000 石家庄市,河北省胸科医院、河北省肺病重点实验室输血科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2026-06-15
  • 通信作者: 韩云霄
  • 基金资助:
    河北省2025年度医学科学研究课题(20250840)

Correlation between the expression levels of chemokine CXC chemokine receptor 3, the ligands and clinical characteristics and lesion severity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Mei Liu1, Yonghui Yang2, Guiyun Zhu1, Weili Ma3, Yunxiao Han4,()   

  1. 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    2 Party and Government Comprehensive Office of Hebei Provincial Children’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    3 Department of Pathology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
    4 Department of Blood Transfusion, Hebei Chest Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • Received:2025-06-27 Published:2026-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Yunxiao Han
引用本文:

刘美, 杨永辉, 朱桂云, 马伟立, 韩云霄. CXC趋化因子受体3及其配体表达水平与肺结核患者临床特征及病变程度的相关性[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 155-166.

Mei Liu, Yonghui Yang, Guiyun Zhu, Weili Ma, Yunxiao Han. Correlation between the expression levels of chemokine CXC chemokine receptor 3, the ligands and clinical characteristics and lesion severity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 155-166.

目的

探讨CXC趋化因子受体3(CXCR3)及其配体(CXCL10、CXCL11)表达水平与肺结核患者临床特征和病变程度的相关性。

方法

收集2022年12月至2023年10月于河北省胸科医院接受治疗的81例肺结核患者的临床资料;比较不同病变程度肺结核患者基本资料;采用广义混合效应模型分析CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率与肺结核病变程度的相关性;采用Pearson相关性分析免疫微环境指标与CXCR3、CXCL10、CXCL11阳性表达率的关系;分析CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率对肺结核病变程度的预测符合率;采用DeLong检验和受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析趋化因子阳性表达率对肺结核病变程度的预测效能。

结果

入组81例肺结核患者中男性52例、女性29例,年龄(42.95±6.83)岁。有吸烟史、无卡介苗接种史、通风不良的肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率显著升高(P均<0.05);B细胞<16%、CD4+ T淋巴细胞<30%、CD8+ T淋巴细胞<31%、自然杀伤细胞(NK)<15%、巨噬细胞≥66%肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率显著升高(P均<0.05);分层回归分析结果显示,吸烟史对肺结核患者CXCR3(t=1.574、P=0.002)、CXCL10(t=1.638、P=0.015)和CXCL11(t=3.175、P=0.025)阳性表达率有显著的正向影响;卡介苗接种史和通风不良则对CXCR3、CXCL10、CXCL11阳性表达率有显著负向影响,差异均有统计学意义(卡介苗接种史:t=-0.809、P=0.008,t=-1.975、P=0.019,t=-4.546,P=0.022;通风不良:t=-1.503、P=0.015,t=-1.335、P=0.007,t=-2.324,P=0.008);随着病变程度加重,肺结核患者吸烟史(χ2=31.867、P<0.001)、通风情况(χ2=15.178、P=0.001)、巨噬细胞比例(F=9.921、P<0.001)、CXCR3阳性(χ2=18.277、P<0.001)、CXCL10阳性(χ2=15.178、P=0.001)、CXCL11阳性(χ2=19.708、P<0.001)占比逐渐升高;卡介苗接种史占比(χ2=15.178、P=0.001)、B细胞(F=10.947、P<0.001)、CD4+ T淋巴细胞(F=11.471、P<0.001)、CD8+ T淋巴细胞(F=10.911、P<0.001)和NK细胞(F=11.124、P<0.001)水平逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,与CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阴性患者相比,CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性肺结核患者病变程度为轻度的风险(OR)分别为2.125、2.080和2.153,病变程度为中度的OR分别为2.723、3.294和1.934,病变程度为重度的OR分别为2.832、2.501和2.271;Pearson相关性分析结果显示,B细胞、CD4+ T淋巴细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞和NK细胞分别与CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率呈显著负相关(P均<0.001),而巨噬细胞与CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率呈显著正相关(r=0.463、0.489、0.677,P均<0.001);三者联合预测肺结核病变程度为中重度和重度的符合率显著高于3个指标单一预测(P均<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,三者联合预测肺结核病变程度为中重度或重度的最佳截断值分别为82.75%和95.71%;DeLong检验显示三者联合预测效能(AUC)优于单一指标(P均<0.05)。

结论

CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率与肺结核患者临床特征及病变程度密切相关,可能参与肺结核的局部免疫调节。

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the expression levels of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the ligands (CXCL10, CXCL11) and the clinical characteristics and disease severity of patients with tuberculosis.

Methods

Clinical data from 81 tuberculosis patients treated in Hebei Chest Hospital between December 2022 and October 2023 were collected and baseline characteristics among tuberculosis patients with different disease severities were compared; the correlation between the positive expression rates of chemokine CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and tuberculosis lesion severity were analyzed by a generalized mixed-effects model; the associations between immune microenvironment indicators and the positive expression rates of chemokine CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis; the predictive accuracy of the positive expression rates of chemokine CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 for tuberculosis lesion severity were evaluated; the predictive performance of these chemokine expression rates were assessed by DeLong test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Among the 81 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 52 cases were male and 29 cases were female, with a mean age of (42.95±6.83) years old. Tuberculosis patients with a history of smoking, no BCG vaccination and poor ventilation showed significantly higher positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (all P<0.05). The tuberculosis patients with B cells<16%, CD4+ T lymphocytes<30%, CD8+ T lymphocytes<31%, natural killer (NK) cells<15% and macrophages≥66% showed significantly elevated positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (all P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that smoking history had a significantly positive impact on the positive expression rates of CXCR3 (t=1.574, P=0.002), CXCL10 (t=1.638, P=0.015) and CXCL11 (t=3.175, P=0.025) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. BCG vaccination history and poor ventilation had significantly negative effects on the positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11, with significant differences (BCG vaccination history: t=-0.809, P=0.008; t=-1.975, P=0.019; t=-4.546, P=0.022; poor ventilation: t=-1.503, P=0.015; t=-1.335, P=0.007; t=-2.324, P=0.008). As the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis progressed, smoking history (χ2=31.867, P<0.001), ventilation condition (χ2=15.178, P=0.001), macrophage ratio (F=9.921, P<0.001), CXCR3 positivity (χ2=18.277, P<0.001), CXCL10 positivity (χ2=15.178, P=0.001) and CXCL11 positivity (χ2=19.708, P<0.001) increased gradually among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. BCG vaccination history (χ2=15.178, P=0.001), B cells (F=10.947, P<0.001), CD4+ T lymphocytes (F=11.471, P<0.001), CD8+ T lymphocytes (F=10.911, P<0.001) and NK cells (F=11.124, P<0.001) levels decreased gradually, with significant differences. The results of the generalized linear mixed-effects model analysis showed that compared with patients who were negative for CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11, the risk of mild lesion severity of patients with positive CXCR3, positive CXCL10 and positive CXCL11 in pulmonary tuberculosis were 2.125, 2.080 and 2.153, respectively; OR for moderate lesion severity were 2.723, 3.294 and 1.934, respectively; and OR for severe lesion severity were 2.832, 2.501 and 2.271, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that B cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells were significantly and negatively correlated with the positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (all P<0.001), while macrophages were significantly and positively correlated with the positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (r=0.463, 0.489, 0.677, all P<0.001). The prediction of three combined indicators for the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions (moderate-severe and severe) had a significantly higher accuracy rate than any single indicator alone (all P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values for combined prediction on the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions as moderate-severe or severe were 82.75% and 95.71%, respectively. DeLong test indicated that the combined prediction of three factors had a higher efficacy (AUC) than individual factor (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The positive expression rates of CXCR3, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are closely related to the clinical characteristics and lesion severity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which may be involved in local immune regulation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

图1 肺结核患者肺组织CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11免疫组织化学染色(×100) 注:A示CXCR3;B示CXCL10;C示CXCL11
表1 不同临床特征肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率 [例(%)]
临床特征 例数 CXCR3阳性 CXCL10阳性 CXCL11阳性
性别
52 37(71.15) 39(75.00) 36(69.23)
29 15(51.72) 16(55.17) 14(48.28)
χ2 3.058 3.358 3.460
P 0.080 0.067 0.063
年龄(岁)
<43 40 27(67.50) 26(65.00) 26(65.00)
≥43 41 25(60.98) 29(70.73) 24(58.54)
χ2 0.375 0.305 0.358
P 0.540 0.581 0.550
BMI(kg/m2
<23 36 23(63.89) 25(69.44) 23(63.89)
≥23 45 29(64.44) 30(66.67) 27(60.00)
χ2 0.003 0.071 0.128
P 0.959 0.790 0.720
吸烟史
39 33(84.62) 34(87.18) 31(79.49)
42 19(45.24) 21(50.00) 19(45.24)
χ2 13.642 12.825 10.041
P <0.001 <0.001 0.002
饮酒史
31 17(54.84) 20(64.52) 17(54.84)
50 35(70.00) 35(70.00) 33(66.00)
χ2 1.914 0.264 1.009
P 0.167 0.607 0.315
高血压
37 27(72.97) 27(72.97) 27(72.97)
44 25(56.82) 28(63.64) 23(52.27)
χ2 2.282 0.804 3.646
P 0.131 0.370 0.056
糖尿病
25 19(76.00) 20(80.00) 19(76.00)
56 33(58.93) 35(62.50) 31(55.36)
χ2 2.192 2.429 3.118
P 0.139 0.119 0.077
冠心病
14 10(71.43) 11(78.57) 10(71.43)
67 42(62.69) 44(65.67) 40(59.70)
χ2 0.385 0.884 0.674
P 0.535 0.347 0.412
高脂血症
21 12(57.14) 13(61.90) 11(52.38)
60 40(66.67) 42(70.00) 39(65.00)
χ2 0.614 0.468 1.049
P 0.433 0.494 0.306
卡介苗接种史
26 10(38.46) 12(46.15) 10(38.46)
55 42(78.36) 43(78.18) 40(72.73)
χ2 11.034 8.309 8.774
P 0.001 0.004 0.003
通风
良好 26 8(30.77) 10(38.46) 7(26.92)
不良 55 44(80.00) 45(81.82) 43(78.18)
χ2 18.616 15.226 19.635
P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
表2 不同免疫微环境肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率 [例(%)]
表3 不同临床特征肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10、CXCL11阳性表达率分层回归分析
表4 不同病变程度肺结核患者临床资料
临床资料 轻度损伤(31例) 中度损伤(28例) 重度损伤(22例) 统计量 P
性别 [例(%)] χ2=0.958 0.619
19(61.29) 17(60.71) 16(72.73)
12(38.71) 11(39.29) 6(27.27)
年龄(
±s,岁)
42.26±8.17 42.61±6.28 44.36±5.33 F=0.657 0.521
BMI(
±s,kg/m2
23.24±1.33 23.14±2.00 23.04±1.65 F=0.093 0.911
吸烟史 [例(%)] 4(12.90) 15(53.57)a 20(90.91)ab χ2=31.867 <0.001
饮酒史 [例(%)] 8(25.81) 11(39.29) 12(54.55) χ2=4.517 0.104
并发症 [例(%)]
高血压 14(45.16) 9(32.14) 14(63.64) χ2=4.930 0.085
糖尿病 11(35.48) 8(28.57) 6(27.27) χ2=0.512 0.774
冠心病 8(25.81) 2(7.14) 4(18.18) χ2=3.602 0.165
高脂血症 6(19.35) 11(39.29) 4(18.18) χ2=3.986 0.136
卡介苗接种史 [例(%)] 17(54.84) 8(28.57)a 1(4.55)ab χ2=15.178 0.001
通风情况 [例(%)] χ2=15.178 0.001
良好 17(54.84) 8(28.57)a 1(4.55)ab
不良 14(45.16) 20(71.43)a 21(95.45)ab
免疫微环境指标(
± s,%)
B细胞 20.35±6.62 15.94±6.59a 11.86±6.43ab F=10.947 <0.001
CD4+ T淋巴细胞 33.85±6.27 29.82±6.03a 25.77±5.87ab F=11.471 <0.001
CD8+ T淋巴细胞 34.62±6.17 30.75±6.03a 26.79±5.86ab F=10.911 <0.001
NK细胞 19.75±6.72 15.44±6.59a 11.19±6.23ab F=11.124 <0.001
巨噬细胞 61.32±6.74 65.49±6.82a 69.75±6.93ab F=9.921 <0.001
CXCR3 [例(%)] χ2=18.277 <0.001
阳性 12(38.71) 19(67.86)a 21(95.45)ab
阴性 19(61.29) 9(32.14)a 1(4.55)ab
CXCL10 [例(%)] χ2=15.178 0.001
阳性 14(45.16) 20(71.43)a 21(95.45)ab
阴性 17(54.84) 8(28.57)a 1(4.55)ab
CXCL11 [例(%)] χ2=19.708 <0.001
阳性 11(35.48) 18(64.29)a 21(95.45)ab
阴性 20(64.52) 10(35.71)a 1(4.55)ab
表5 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11与病变程度的广义混合效应模型
图2 肺结核患者免疫微环境指标与CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率的相关性 注:A~E分别为B细胞、CD4+ T淋巴细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞与CXCR3阳性表达率的相关性分析图;F~J分别为B细胞、CD4+ T淋巴细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞与CXCL10阳性表达率的相关性分析图;K~O分别为B细胞、CD4+ T淋巴细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和巨噬细胞与CXCL11阳性表达率的相关性分析图
表6 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率与金标准预测病变程度的符合率
表7 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率对中重度病变预测价值
图3 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率对中重度病变预测价值的ROC曲线
表8 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率对重度病变预测价值
图4 肺结核患者CXCR3、CXCL10和CXCL11阳性表达率对重度病变预测价值的ROC曲线
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