提高对以假瘤样脱髓鞘病变为表现的髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关性疾病（MOGAD）相关特征、早期诊断和治疗的认识，避免误诊误治。

回顾性分析2024年12月30日济宁医学院附属医院收治的1例MOGAD患者的临床资料和诊疗经过，并结合相关文献进行复习。

患者女性，60岁，因头晕头痛20余天，步态不稳、不能言语6 d，临床表现为脑瘤样病变。该患者血清及脑脊液抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白免疫球蛋白G抗体（MOG-IgG）均为1∶10+。颅脑磁共振成像（MRI）示双侧颞叶及双侧额叶皮层下脑组织肿胀伴异常信号，呈肿瘤样改变，确诊为MOGAD。给予甲泼尼龙激素500 mg/d冲击治疗，逐渐减量至62.5 mg/d后联合免疫抑制剂吗替麦考酚酯胶囊治疗，明显缓解后出院3月余复查颅脑MRI，颅内异常信号较前缩小约70%，患者预后较好。

MOGAD临床表现复杂，需与其他中枢神经系统疾病进行鉴别诊断，在临床实践中需高度重视MOG-IgG检测的重要性，避免误诊误治。

To raise the awareness of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), which presents as tumefactive demyelinating lesions, and to improve the early diagnosis and treatment, and to avoid the misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.

The clinical data and management of a patient with MOGAD admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University on December 30th, 2024 were analyzed, retrospectively, and relevant literature were reviewed.

A 60-year-old female patient presented with dizziness and headache lasting more than 20 days, as well as unsteady gait and aphasia for 6 days, whose clinical presentation was consistent with a brain tumefactive demyelinating lesions. The patient’s serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were both positive for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) antibodies at a titre of 1∶10+. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed subcortical brain tissue swelling with abnormal signals in the bilateral temporal and frontal lobes, presenting as tumour-like changes. A diagnosis of MOG-associated demyelinating encephalopathy (MOGAD) was confirmed. The patient was treated with a corticosteroid pulse therapy of 500 mg/d of methylprednisolone, gradually tapered to 62.5 mg/d, followed by combination therapy with the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil capsules, resulting in significant symptom relief. A follow-up MRI performed longer than three months after discharge showed that the abnormal intracranial signals had resolved by approximately 70% compared with the previous scan, with a favourable prognosis.

The clinical presentation of MOG is complex and requires differential diagnosis from other central nervous system disorders, and the importance of MOG-IgG testing must be given high priority to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.