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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 114 -121. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2026.02.007

论著

不同年龄段肺炎支原体肺炎患儿乳酸脱氢酶水平与肝功能异常及糖代谢特征的关系
孟凡华(), 杨成文, 杨立峥   
  1. 233600 亳州市,安徽省立医院涡阳分院新生儿科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24 出版日期:2026-04-15
  • 通信作者: 孟凡华

Relationship between lactate dehydrogenase level and liver function impairment and glucose metabolic characteristics of children with Mycoplasmal pneumoniae pneumonia of different ages

Fanhua Meng(), Chengwen Yang, Lizheng Yang   

  1. Neonatal Department of Woyang Branch Anhui Provincial Hospital, Bozhou 233600, China
  • Received:2025-06-24 Published:2026-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Fanhua Meng
引用本文:

孟凡华, 杨成文, 杨立峥. 不同年龄段肺炎支原体肺炎患儿乳酸脱氢酶水平与肝功能异常及糖代谢特征的关系[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 114-121.

Fanhua Meng, Chengwen Yang, Lizheng Yang. Relationship between lactate dehydrogenase level and liver function impairment and glucose metabolic characteristics of children with Mycoplasmal pneumoniae pneumonia of different ages[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 114-121.

目的

探讨不同年龄段肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平与肝功能异常及糖代谢特征的关系。

方法

收集2020年5月至2023年11月于安徽省立医院涡阳分院住院治疗的199例MPP患儿为研究对象,根据患儿年龄分为婴幼儿组(≤3岁、75例)、学龄前组(3~6岁、64例)和学龄组(≥6岁、60例)。另根据患儿血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)以及天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)是否异常将患儿分为肝功能正常组(119例)与肝功能异常组(80例)。采用Bootstrap法检验LDH对空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的中介效应;采用限制性三次样条回归法分析LDH水平与肝功能异常风险的非线性关联;采用广义线性混合效应模型(GLMMs)分析不同年龄段MPP患儿LDH水平与肝功能异常的关系。

结果

婴幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄组患儿年龄、住院天数、发热天数、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、降钙素原(PCT)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、LDH、ALT、AST、空腹血糖和HbA1c水平差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。肝功能正常组与肝功能异常组患儿CRP、NEU、ESR、PCT、LDH、ALT、AST、空腹血糖和HbA1c水平差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Bootstrap法检验结果显示,LDH在血糖和HbA1c间发挥部分中介作用:肝功能正常组患儿中,LDH的中介效应值为0.082(95%CI:0.041~0.132),中介效应占总效应的比例为38.26%;肝功能异常组患儿中,LDH的中介效应值为0.105(95%CI:0.057~0.158),中介效应占总效应的比例为41.47%。限制性三次样条回归分析显示,LDH与肝功能异常风险存在显著非线性关系(P总体<0.001、P非线性=0.023)。GLMMs结果显示,不同年龄组患儿中,LDH水平偏离正常范围中高限均与肝功能异常风险增加相关,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。

结论

不同年龄段MPP患儿的LDH水平与糖代谢指标间存在显著的中介效应,且LDH水平与肝功能异常风险呈显著的非线性剂量-反应关系。LDH可作为评估MPP患儿肝功能损害风险及糖代谢紊乱的潜在生物标志物。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and abnormal liver function as well as glucose metabolism characteristics of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) of different ages.

Methods

Total of 199 children with MPP hospitalized at Woyang Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital from May 2020 to November 2023 were selected. All children were divided into infant group (≤3 years old, 75 cases), preschool group (3-6 years old, 64 cases) and school-age group (≥6 years old, 60 cases) according to age. Additionally, the children were divided into normal liver function group (119 cases) and abnormal liver function group (80 cases) based on whether their serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were abnormal. The mediating effect of LDH on the relationship between fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was tested by the Bootstrap method; the nonlinear association between LDH and the risk of liver dysfunction was analyzed by the restricted cubic spline regression method; and the relationship between LDH and liver function in children of different age groups was analyzed by the generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMMs).

Results

There were statistically significant differences among different age groups. Age, duration of hospital stay, days of fever, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils (NEU), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), LDH, ALT, AST, fasting blood-glucose and HbA1c were significantly different among infant group, preschool group and school-age group (all P<0.05). Levels of CRP, NEU, ESR, PCT, LDH, ALT, AST, fasting blood-glucose and HbA1c were significantly different between children of normal liver function group and abnormal liver function group (all P<0.05). Bootstrap method test results showed that LDH played a partial mediating role between blood glucose and HbA1c: during normal liver function group, the mediating effect value of LDH was 0.082 (95%CI: 0.041-0.132), and the proportion of mediating effect in the total effect was 38.26%; During the abnormal liver function group, the mediating effect value of LDH was 0.105 (95%CI: 0.057-0.158), and the proportion of mediating effect in the total effect was 41.47%. The restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that there was a significant nonlinear relationship between LDH and the risk of liver function (Poverall<0.001, Pnonlinear=0.023). GLMMs results showed that among different age groups of children with MPP, LDH levels deviating from the normal range were associated with an increased risk of abnormal liver function, with significant differences (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

There is a significant mediating effect between LDH level of children with MPP of different age groups and the indicators of glucose metabolism. Moreover, LDH level shows a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of liver dysfunction. LDH can be used as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of liver function impairment and glucose metabolism disorders among children with MPP.

表1 不同年龄段MPP患儿的临床资料
临床资料 婴幼儿组(75例) 学龄前组(64例) 学龄组(60例) 统计量 P
年龄(
±s,岁)
1.90±0.82 4.67±1.22 6.77±2.04 F=15.725 <0.001
BMI(
±s,kg/m2
15.50±5.75 16.62±5.64 17.08±5.82 F=1.578 0.117
性别 [例(%)] χ2=0.120 0.942a
40(53.33) 36(56.25) 33(55.00)
35(46.67) 28(43.75) 27(45.00)
居住地 [例(%)] χ2=0.260 0.878a
农村 28(37.33) 22(29.33) 20(33.33)
城市 47(62.67) 42(65.63) 40(66.67)
肺部并发症 [例(%)] 3(4.00) 5(7.81) 9(15.00) χ2=5.227 0.073a
肾脏损害 [例(%)] 4(5.33) 8(12.50) 10(16.67) χ2=4.554 0.103a
住院天数(
±s,d)
14.18±4.26 13.33±4.40 10.66±5.17 F=4.337 <0.001
发热天数(
±s,d)
12.30±3.75 11.55±3.60 8.54±3.04 F=5.785 <0.001
TNF-α(
±s,pg/ml)
9.47±2.30 9.15±2.74 8.87±1.60 F=1.715 0.089
CRP(
±s,mg/L)
7.46±2.05 12.39±4.11 15.79±5.89 F=11.422 <0.001
BNP(
±s,ng/L)
290.43±31.54 288.44±20.75 284.27±25.55 F=1.225 0.223
血清蛋白(
±s,g/L)
32.80±1.22 32.75±1.26 32.68±1.30 F=0.552 0.582
D-D(
±s,µg/L)
0.48±0.04 0.49±0.05 0.50±0.03 F=1.365 0.175
WBC(
±s,×109/L)
7.36±2.10 7.15±2.07 6.88±2.20 F=1.292 0.199
NEU(
±s,%)
49.50±11.32 52.36±12.75 57.66±12.96 F=3.902 <0.001
LYM(
±s,×109/L)
5.42±2.13 5.36±2.20 5.22±2.33 F=0.520 0.604
PLT(
±s,×109/L)
507.86±96.60 495.47±106.17 484.36±115.70 F=1.286 0.201
PCT(
±s,ng/ml)
0.18±0.06 0.11±0.08 0.14±0.05 F=4.140 <0.001
ESR(
±s,mm/1 h)
25.36±8.22 28.63±9.07 30.11±10.27 F=2.985 0.003
Hb(
±s,g/L)
90.26±13.48 91.76±14.19 92.36±12.24 F=0.937 0.351
ALB(
±s,g/L)
36.20±6.25 36.02±5.88 35.73±5.75 F=0.177 0.865
LDH(
±s,U/L)
305.52±96.80 283.20±90.77 265.43±85.83 F=2.513 0.013
ALT(
±s,U/L)
55.85±24.72 43.26±14.40 30.55±10.78 F=7.382 <0.001
AST(
±s,U/L)
52.66±25.35 40.30±13.64 31.86±10.46 F=5.959 <0.001
空腹血糖(
±s,mmol)
6.72±2.05 8.36±2.30 11.01±3.85 F=4.444 <0.001
HbA1c(
±s,%)
8.06±2.27 9.76±3.10 10.52±3.44 F=3.722 <0.001
表2 肝功能正常与肝功能异常组MPP患儿的临床资料
临床资料 肝功能正常组(119例) 肝功能异常组(80例) 统计量 P
年龄(
±s,岁)
4.47±1.50 4.30±1.44 t=0.797 0.427
BMI(
±s,kg/m2
16.40±5.18 16.11±5.28 t=0.384 0.701
性别 [例(%)] χ2=0.118 0.732a
64(53.78) 45(56.25)
55(46.22) 35(43.75)
居住地 [例(%)] χ2=0.904 0.342a
农村 45(37.82) 25(31.25)
城市 74(62.18) 55(68.75)
住院天数(
±s,d)
12.85±4.33 13.63±4.16 t=1.217 0.225
发热天数(
±s,d)
10.97±3.05 11.54±3.00 t=1.301 0.195
肺部并发症 [例(%)] 7(5.88) 10(12.50) χ2=2.681 0.102a
肾脏损害 [例(%)] 9(7.56) 13(16.25) χ2=3.671 0.055a
TNF-α(
±s,pg/ml)
8.97±2.86 9.32±3.20 t=0.807 0.421
CRP(
±s,mg/L)
14.10±4.11 8.30±2.76 t=6.530 <0.001
BNP(
±s,ng/L)
285.33±30.27 289.82±30.65 t=1.021 0.309
血清蛋白(
±s,g/L)
32.45±1.18 32.77±1.20 t=1.863 0.064
D-D(
±s,µg/L)
0.48±0.08 0.47±0.03 t=1.068 0.287
WBC(
±s,×109/L)
6.80±2.40 7.34±2.52 t=1.525 0.129
NEU(
±s,×109/L)
56.47±12.70 49.30±11.86 t=4.009 <0.001
LYM(
±s,×109/L)
5.20±1.68 5.38±1.55 t=0.764 0.446
PLT(
±s,×109/L)
487.76±106.50 502.43±97.20 t=0.986 0.325
PCT(
±s,ng/ml)
0.12±0.04 0.17±0.06 t=7.056 <0.001
ESR(
±s,mm/1 h)
29.55±9.10 25.60±8.77 t=3.046 0.003
Hb(
±s,g/L)
92.13±12.53 90.22±14.36 t=0.994 0.322
ALB(
±s,g/L)
35.80±10.38 36.08±11.47 t=0.179 0.858
LDH(
±s,U/L)
262.60±97.20 303.39±92.56 t=2.958 0.003
ALT(
±s,U/L)
31.75±5.36 50.70±4.02 t=26.929 <0.001
AST(
±s,U/L)
31.67±10.22 51.36±13.40 t=11.740 <0.001
空腹血糖(
±s,mmol)
6.80±2.10 10.44±4.13 t=8.176 <0.001
HbA1c(
±s,%)
8.15±2.35 11.26±3.52 t=7.477 <0.001
表3 LDH水平对MPP患儿空腹血糖和HbA1c间中介效应的三步回归分析
表4 LDH水平对MPP患儿空腹血糖和HbA1c间中介效应
表5 LDH水平与不同年龄段患儿肝功能异常的多因素GLMMs模型
图1 LDH水平与肝功能异常风险的限制性三次样条回归关系曲线
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