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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 116 -123. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.02.007

论著

降钙素原水平对细菌性支气管炎病原菌类型鉴别及对莫西沙星用药的指导价值
杨帆1,()   
  1. 1. 100009 北京,北京市鼓楼中医医院检验科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 出版日期:2025-04-15
  • 通信作者: 杨帆

Value of procalcitonin level in identification of bacterial bronchitis pathogen types and value of guidance of moxifloxacin application

Fan Yang1,()   

  1. 1. epartment of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100009, China
  • Received:2024-12-16 Published:2025-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Fan Yang
引用本文:

杨帆. 降钙素原水平对细菌性支气管炎病原菌类型鉴别及对莫西沙星用药的指导价值[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 116-123.

Fan Yang. Value of procalcitonin level in identification of bacterial bronchitis pathogen types and value of guidance of moxifloxacin application[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 116-123.

目的

探讨降钙素原(PCT)水平对细菌性支气管炎病原菌类型鉴别及对莫西沙星用药的指导价值。

方法

收集北京市鼓楼中医医院2018年11月至2023年12月收治的236例细菌性支气管炎患者的临床资料,应用全自动细菌鉴定仪检测患者细菌病原菌类型,比较革兰阳性菌组(160例)和革兰阴性菌组(76例)患者PCT水平。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析PCT水平对细菌性支气管炎病原菌类型的鉴别价值,再以数字表法随机将研究对象分为PCT指导组(根据患者PCT水平给予莫西沙星治疗)和对照组(常规莫西沙星治疗),每组各118例。比较两组患者症状消失时间、炎症因子水平及临床疗效。

结果

236例细菌性支气管炎患者中检出革兰阳性菌160株,检出率为67.80%;革兰阴性菌76株,检出率为32.20%。与革兰阳性菌组[2.27(0.72,6.22)ng/ml]相比,革兰阴性菌组患者PCT水平[7.13(2.50,17.65)ng/ml]显著升高,差异有统计学意义(U = 6.365、P < 0.001)。PCT水平对细菌性支气管炎患者病原菌类型鉴别的ROC曲线分析显示,PCT水平为5.42 ng/ml时约登指数(0.535)最高,对应的灵敏度和特异度分别为0.739和0.796,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.784。PCT指导组患者喘息消失时间[(2.77 ± 0.83)d]、体温恢复时间[(2.68 ± 0.81)d]、咳嗽消失时间[(3.52 ± 1.41)d]及住院时间[(5.67 ±2.46)d]均显著低于对照组[(4.36 ± 1.32)d、(4.53 ± 1.44)d、(6.27 ± 1.39)d和(9.12 ± 3.52)d],差异均有统计学意义(t = 11.077、12.163、15.088、8.727,P均< 0.001)。治疗1 d、7 d和14 d后,PCT指导组患者咳嗽症状评分和C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平均显著低于对照组;治疗7 d和14 d后,PCT指导组患者PCT和白细胞计数(WBC)水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.001)。PCT指导组患者接受治疗14 d后总有效率为93.22%(110/118),显著高于对照组(77.12%、91/118),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 12.110、P = 0.001)。

结论

血清PCT水平可以作为鉴别细菌性支气管炎病原菌类型的有效指标,通过监测血清PCT水平可指导细菌性支气管炎患者应用莫西沙星。

Objective

To explore the value of procalcitonin (PCT) level in identification of bacterial bronchitis pathogen types, and investigate the value of guidance of moxifloxacin application.

Methods

Total of 236 patients with bacterial bronchitis admitted to Beijing Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2018 to December 2023 were selected. Bacterial pathogens types of the patients were detected by fully automatic bacterial identification instrument, and PCT levels of patients in Grampositive group (160 cases) and Gram-negative group (76 cases) were compared. The diagnostic value of PCT level for bacterial bronchial pathogen types identification were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The research subjects were randomly divided into PCT guidance group (Moxifloxacin was given to patients based on PCT level) and control group (Moxifloxacin was given as routine treatment) by a numerical table method, with 118 cases in each group. The disappearance time of symptoms, levels of inflammatory factors and the clinical efficacy of both groups of patients were compared, respectively.

Results

Among the 236 patients with bacterial bronchitis, 160 strains of Gram-positive bacteria were detected, with a detection rate of 67.80%; 76 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were detected, with a detection rate of 32.20%.Compared with the Gram-positive bacterial group [2.27 (0.72, 6.22) ng/ml], the PCT level of patients in Gramnegative bacterial group [7.13 (2.50, 17.65) ng/ml]was significantly increased, with significant difference(U = 6.365, P < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis of PCT level for pathogen type identification in patients with bacterial bronchitis showed that the Yoden index (0.535) was the highest at a PCT level of 5.42 ng/ml, with corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 0.739 and 0.796, respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC)was 0.784. The disappearance time of wheezing [(2.77 ± 0.83) d], temperature recovery time [(2.68 ± 0.81) d], cough disappearance time [(3.52 ± 1.41) d]and duration of hospitalization [(5.67 ± 2.46) d]of patients in PCT guidance group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(4.36 ± 1.32) d, (4.53 ± 1.44) d, (6.27 ± 1.39) d and (9.12 ± 3.52) d],with significant differences (t = 11.077, 12.163, 15.088, 8.727, all P < 0.001). After 1 day, 7 days and 14 days of treatment, the cough symptom scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of patients in PCT guidance group were significantly lower than those of the control group; After 7 days and 14 days of treatment, the levels of PCT and white blood cell count (WBC) of patients in PCT guidance group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with significant differences (all P < 0.001). The total effective rate of patients in PCT guidance group after 14 days of treatment was 93.22% (110/118), significantly higher than that of control group (77.12%,91/118), with significant differences (χ2 = 12.110, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Serum PCT level can be used as an effective indicator for the pathogenic type identification of bacterial bronchitis. By monitoring serum PCT level,the use of moxifloxacin of patients with bacterial bronchitis can be guided.

表1 革兰阳性菌组和革兰阴性菌组细菌性支气管炎患者的基本资料 [例(%)]
表2 革兰阳性菌组和革兰阴性菌组细菌性支气管炎患者血清PCT水平
图1 PCT水平鉴别病原菌类型的ROC曲线
表3 PCT指导组和对照组细菌性支气管炎患者的一般资料
表4 PCT指导组和对照组细菌性支气管炎患者病程相关指标(±s,d)
图2 PCT指导组和对照组细菌性支气管炎患者治疗前后炎症因子水平
表5 PCT指导组和对照组细菌性支气管炎患者治疗前后咳嗽症状评分及炎症因子水平(±s
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